Samenvatting
Summary Category & Stereotype Activation - Lepore & Brown
- Instelling
- Universiteit Leiden (UL)
Category & Stereotype Activation - Lepore & Brown Full english summary
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 6 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 6 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Verkoper
VolgenVoorbeeld van de inhoud
Category and Stereotype Activation: Is prejudice inevitable?Abstract
- 3 experiments tested hypothesis that those high and low in prejudice respond
similarly to direct stereotype activation, but differently to category activation
- Study 1:
- Showed that high and low prejudice people share the same knowledge of
stereotypes
- Study 2:
- Differential effects of category activation on high and low prejudice people
were tested
- High prejudice participants formed a more negative and less positive
impression of target after subliminal priming of the category ‘Blacks’
- Low prejudice people formed a more positive impression
- Study 3:
- Examined effects of stereotype activation in a conceptual replication of
Devines 1989 priming experiment
- Both high and low people increased negative ratings when valenced
stereotype content was primed
- Findings support a distinction between automatic stereotype activation resulting from
direct priming and on category activation
- Implies that the relations among categorization, stereotyping and prejudice are more
flexible (than is assumed)
Intro
- Paper investigates the automaticity of stereotype activation upon categorisation & the
role played by one’s level of prejudice in the occurrence & pattern of activation
The inevitability of prejudice argument
- Tradition has conceived stereotyping/prejudice as an automatic & inevitable
consequence of normal categorisation (adaptive & functional process)
- Upon subconscious categorisation, associated stereotypes become activated &
influence judgements/behaviour
- Negative group stereotypes can be thought of a cognitive component of prejudice
- Thus prejudice springs from normal cog processes & seems to be inevitable
Automatic stereotype activation
- Assumed that stereotypes are automatically activated upon perception of a category
member
- Stereotypes seen as networks of linked attributes (associations)
- What links may be more strongly activated might vary systematically with prejudice
level (person variable)
- To look at how stereotypes are elicited upon perception of a category member,
category and stereotype priming must be distinguished
- Both can also affect judgements differently
- Past research has also reported different effects for both priming types in impression
formation
, Stereotype Priming
- Automatic stereotype activation is not a consequence of categorization when
stereotypic characteristics are primed directly - rather it’s a cause of stereotypic
judgements
- Past research found that high and low prejudice people did not differ in their
impression of target person
- Paper explains this by suggesting that stereotypes are available in memory and can
be primed, thus becoming accessible temporarily
- The recent activation of available knowledge results in assimilation effects on
applicable constructs
- Cannot be inferred that high and low prejudice people would spontaneously activate
the cultural stereotype in this way as an automatic response to a group member
Category Priming
- Automatic stereotype activation is an effect of categorisation when only the category
is primed
- A model of automatic stereotype activation is still incomplete
- Devine’s 1989 study is the only one involving prejudice level directly related to
person perception (we need to know more)
- Different patterns of stereotype activation may be possible for high and low prejudice
people if category and stereotype priming are separated
Social Group Representations
- To challenge view of prejudice as inevitable, Devine distinguished between
stereotype knowledge & endorsement
- In her model, differential stereotype endorsement affects only controlled processes
- It is argued that even tho low prejudice people do not endorse the stereotype,
stereotype knowledge is thought to be activated automatically bc of its longer history
of activation than personal beliefs
- Thus low-prejudice people’s response to a stimulus evocative of a stereotyped group
is non-prejudiced only if the automatic prejudiced reaction can be inhibited
- This conclusion still implies that prejudice is inevitable, at least at an automatic level
- Devine’s theory presents a conceptual issue: in associational models of stereotypes,
the links between the group node and the associated characteristics usually
represents the perceiver’s beliefs that the group possesses those attributes
- If low and high prejudice people’s automatic responses are the same, the links (ie
beliefs & representations) do not differ
- Thus it’s not clear how low prejudice people’s rejection of the negative stereotype is
represented cognitively in associational models
- Research has found that high and low prejudice people have the full range of
stereotypic attributes associated with an outgroup available to them, but endorse
different beliefs about it
- Thus evaluations of the group differ
- But high and low prejudice people’s representations of the social group may not
necessarily differ in terms of content, but bc stronger links may have developed for
different characteristics
- Beliefs should be activated freq to process incoming info
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper scarlettrosethorne. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 67474 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen