Samenvatting
Summary Stereotypes and prejudice - Devine
- Instelling
- Universiteit Leiden (UL)
Stereotypes and prejudice - Devine (1989) Full english summary
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 8 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 8 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Verkoper
VolgenVoorbeeld van de inhoud
Stereotypes and Prejudice: Their Automatic and Controlled ComponentsAbstract
- 3 studies tested assumptions from a model based on the dissociation of
automatic and controlled processes involved in prejudice
- Study 1:
- supported assumptions that high and low prejudice people are equally
knowledgeable of the cultural stereotype
- Suggested that the stereotype is automatically activated in the
presence of a member of the stereotyped group & that low prejudice
responses require controlled inhibition of the automatically activated
stereotype
- Study 2:
- Examined effects of automatic stereotype activation on the evaluation
of ambiguous stereotype-relevant behaviours performed by a race-
unspecified person
- Suggested that when subject’s ability to consciously monitor stereotype
activation is prevented, both high and low prejudice subjects produce
stereotype congruent evaluations of ambiguous behaviours
- Study 3:
- Examined high and low prejudice subjects responses in a consciously
directed thought-listing task
- Supporting model, only low prejudice subjects inhibited the
automatically activated stereotype congruent thoughts and replaced
them with thought reflecting equality and negations of stereotype
Intro
- Many theorists have suggested that prejudice is an inevitable consequence of
normal categorisation (stereotyping) processes
- This ‘inevitability of prejudice’ perspective states that as long as stereotypes
exist, prejudice will follow
- Approach suggests that stereotypes are automatically applied to members of
the stereotyped group i.e. knowledge of a stereotype is equated with prejudice
- This approach has implications bc no one can escape learning about
prevailing attitudes / stereotypes towards ethnic groups
- Approach overlooks important distinction between knowledge of a cultural
stereotype & acceptance or endorsement of it i.e altho one may have
knowledge of a stereotype, his/her beliefs may or may not be congruent with it
- Argued that stereotypes and conceptually distinct cognitive structures
- Beliefs can differ from one’s knowledge about a group
- Because stereotypes & beliefs represent different subsets of info about ethnic
groups, they may have different implications for evaluation of and behaviour
toward members of the ethnic & racial groups
- Goal: Examine how stereotypes & personal beliefs are involved in responses
, toward stereotyped groups
- Paper challenges inevitability of prejudice model & offers a model of
responses to stereotyped groups that’s derived from work in info processing
that distinguishes between automatic (involuntary) and controlled (mostly
voluntary) processes
- Automatic processes:
- Involve the unintentional/spontaneous activation of some well-learned
set of associations/responses that may have been developed through
repeated activation in memory
- Do not require conscious effort & are initiated by the presence of
stimulus cues in environment
- Inescapability (occur despite deliberate attempts to ignore)
- Controlled processes:
- Intentional & require the active attention of the individual
- Limited by capacity, but more flexible (than automatic)
- Useful for decision making, problem solving & new behaviours
- Previous work on both processes suggests that they can operate
independently of each other (tested in studies of semantic priming on words)
- E.g. prime was either semantically related to the target (body-arm) or related
to the target through instruction (participants told that ‘body’ would be followed
by the name of a bird like sparrow)
- In latter condition, subjects had a conscious expectancy for bird name, but
body should have also automatically primed its semantic category of body
parts
- Found that with short intervals, prime facilitated decisions for semantically related
targets (automatic)
- With longer intervals, induced expectancies produced facilitation for expected
targets (bird) AND inhibition for unexpected targets (eg body) regardless of their
semantic relation
- Before inhibition of automatically activated responses can occur, there has to be
enough time & cog capacity for conscious expectancy to develop & inhibit the
automatic processes
Study 1: Stereotype Content & Prejudice Level
- Examined high and low prejudice subjects knowledge of the content of the
stereotype of blacks
- Used a free response task in which no clues were provided
- Both asked to list content of the stereotype of blacks regardless of their beliefs
Method
- 40 white students, isolated
- Remained anonymous
- After listing content, subjects completed 7 item Modern Racism Scale
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper scarlettrosethorne. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 77973 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen