Orderly and clear summary of the muscle tissue what is discussed during the histology lectures. It is a summary from the book "Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, Global Edition" With this summary you will save a lot of time. I passed this course with a 7,5. Good luck :)
Muscle tissue
4.9 The tree types of muscle tissue are skeletal, cardiac and smooth
Muscle tissue; specialized for contraction produces movement.
Contraction similar in all three types
Muscle cells differ in internal organization
Each muscle cell is surrounded by a basal lamina and against that a thin layer of
reticular connective tissue (collagen type III)
- Skeletal muscle tissue; large muscles produce gross body movements
o Contain large muscle cells; individual muscle cells are muscle fibers
o Each fiber has a lot of nuclei; multinucleate
o Muscle fibers incapable (niet in staat) of dividing
o New muscle fibers produced through the division of myosatellite cells;
stem cells that persist in adult skeletal muscles. So, it can repair itself
after injury.
o It contains striations (bands) (actin and myosin)
o It is stimulated by nerves to start contraction that provides voluntary
control (vrijwillige controle) over their activities. straited voluntary
muscle
- Cardiac muscle tissue; responsible for circulating the blood
o Contain thinner and shorter cells
o The cells are connected by intercalated discs. The membranes are
locked by desmosomes, proteoglycans and gap junctions
o One centrally nucleus, but some cardiac muscle cells have as many as
five
o Very limited ability to repair itself, some cells can divid after injury but
repair is incomplete
o It contains striations (bands) (actin and myosin)
o It is NOT stimulated by nerves to start contraction. It is stimulated by
pacemaker cells. striated involuntary muscle
- Smooth muscle tissue; found in walls of visceral organs (organen met
bloedvaten en lymfestelsel) and other locations where it contracts and
provides support (ondersteuning)
o Contain short and spindle shaped cells
o Single, central nucleus
o Cells can divide. So, they can regenerate after injury
o It doesn’t contain striation (actin and myosin differently organized).
o They contract on their own, with gap junctions between adjacent
(aangrenzend) cells. It is stimulated by nerves, but the activity is NOT
under voluntary control nonstriated involuntary muscle
10.1 The primary function of muscle tissue is to produce movement
Skeletal muscle- muscle fascicle – muscle fiber – myofibril – sarcomere with
myofilaments (actin and myosin)
Common properties of muscle tissue;
- Excitability (prikkelbaarheid); ability to receive and respond to a stimulus.
Muscle tissue respond to chemical stimulus from nerve cell with change in
membrane potential.
- Contractility; ability of muscle cell to shorten when it is stimulated
, - Extensibility (rekbaarheid); stretching movement of muscle
- Elasticity; ability of muscle to recoil (spring back) to its resting length
Functions of skeletal muscle;
- Producing movement; skeletal muscle contractions pull on tendons (pezen) to
move our bones.
- Maintaining posture and body position; tension in skeletal muscles maintain
body posture
- Supporting soft tissues; make up walls around abdominal wall (buikwand) and
pelvic floor cavity (bekkenbodemholte) shield tissues from injury.
- Guarding body entrances and exits; digestive and urinary tracts. Muscles give
us voluntary control over swallowing (slikken), defecating (poepen)and
urinating.
- Maintaining body temperature; muscles use energy this is converted to heat.
- Storing nutrients; when diet contains too few proteins or colories. Contractile
proteins in skeletal muscles are broken down and amino acids are released in
circulation. Liver can use amino acids to synthesize glucose and other can be
broken down to provide energy.
10.2 Skeletal muscle contains muscle tissue, connective tissue, blood vessel and
nerves
Each cell in skeletal muscle is a single muscle fiber.
3 types of skeletal muscle
- Red muscle; slow, long and deep contraction, myoglobin. They transport
oxygen.
Example back muscle
- White muscle; fast contraction, not able to contract continuously
Example eye muscle
- Intermediate; characteristic of both; most common
Organization of connective tissues and muscle tissues
Skeletal muscle is surrounded by 3 layers of connective tissue
- Epimysium; dense layer of collagen fibers that surrounds the entire muscle.
The epimysium is connected to deep fascia; a dense connective tissue layer
- Perimysium; divides the skeletal muscle into series of compartments. Each
compartment contains bundle of muscle fibers; fascicle
- Endomysium; is within a fascicle. It surrounds the individual skeletal cells;
muscle fiber.
Flexible, elastic connective tissue contains
- Capillary network; blood vessels
- Mysosatellite cells; stem cells that help repair damaged muscle tissue
- Nerve fibers; control muscle
Collagen fibers of perimysium and endomysium are interwoven and bled into one
another.
Collagen fibers of all of the three come and bundle; tendon/aponeurosis
Functions of skeletal muscle components
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