Orderly and clear summary of the nervous tissue what is discussed during the histology lectures. It is a summary from the book "Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, Global Edition" With this summary you will save a lot of time. I passed this course with a 7,5. Good luck :)
Nervous system
4.10 Nervous tissue responds to stimuli and propagates electrical impulses
throughout the body
Nervous tissue is specialized for the propagation (movement) of electrical impulses.
Nervous tissue derived from ectoderm
2 basic types of cells
1. Neurons; transmit information as electrical impulses
o Axon/nerve fibers; conducts (leiden) that information to other cells;
away from cell body
o Dendrite; receive information; to cell body
o Cell body; large cell body with nucleus and nucleolus (bolvormig object
in celkern)
2. Neuroglia/glial cells; several kinds of supporting cells/regulation. They support
and repair nervous tissue and supply (leveren) nutrients to neurons.
Neurons cannot divide, so they have limited ability to repair themselves after injury.
12.1 The nervous system has anatomical and functional divisions
The anatomical divisions (Plaatje pagina 437)
- Central nervous system (CNS); brand and spinal cord
o Includes nervous tissue + blood vessels + connective tissues (support
and protect them)
o Functions; responsible for integrating, processing and coordinating
sensory and motor commands
Sensory; information about conditions inside or outside the body
Motor commands; control or adjust (aanpassen) organs.
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS); nervous tissue outside the CNS and ENS
Sensory; it delivers sensory information to the CNS; afferent
division
Motor commands; carries motor command to peripheral tissues;
efferent division
- Enteric nervous system; network of neurons and nerve in the walls of the
digestive tract.
The functional divisions
- Autonomic nervous system (ANS); regulatie inwendig organen (niet
beinvloeden)
Parasympathetic division; niet actief zijn
Sympathetic divsion (orthosympatisch); actief zijn
- Somatic nervous system (animaal) (SNS); gewilde bewegingen en reflexen
(beinvloeden)
controls skeletal muscle contraction;
Voluntary contraction; conscious (bewust) control
Involuntary contraction; onconscious control; reflexion
Bundels of axons in PNS nerves
, 12.2 Neurons are nerve cells specialized for intercellular communication
Functional characteristics of neurons
Long lived, high metabolic rate, excitable (prikkelbaar, actipotentiaal) plasma
membrane (like skeletal muscle cells). Mitochondria in neurons generate energy
needed by active neuron. They lack centrioles (organelles that organize the
cytoskeleton during mitosis). The neurons cannot divide. Neural stem cells persist in
the adult nervous system but are inactive.
The structure of neurons
- Large cell body (soma); round nucleus with prominent nucleolus.
o Perikaryon; cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus
Contains; Neurofilaments and neurotubules, are in the
cytoskeleton
Neurofibrils; bundels of neurofilaments
Contains; mitochondria generate ATP
Contains; RER and free ribosomes for synthesize proteins. RER
and free ribosomes give grey color found in brain and spinal
cord.
- Short, branched (vertakt) dendrites; play role in intercellular communication
- Single, long axon; long cytoplasmic process. Propagating electrical impulse
action potential
o Axoplasm; cytoplasm of axon. Contains; neurofibirls, neurotubules,
small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria and various enzymes.
o Axolemma; plasma membrane of axon
o Initial segment; axon in a neuron joins the cell body at a thickened
region; axon hillock.
o Collaterals; side branches of axon
- Telodendria; terminal branches of axon
o Telodendra; the main axon and collaterals end in series of fine
telondendria
o Terminal; end of an axon; communicate to other cells; synapse
o Axonal transport; movement of materials between the cell body and
axon terminals
Anterograde flow; from cell body to axon carried by kinesin
Retrograde flow; from axon to cell body carried by dynein
Structural classification of neurons
- Anaxonic; Neurons are small and have numerous dendrites NO axons
o Located in brain and special sense organs
- Bipolar neurons; one dendrite and one axon. Cell body between the two.
o Special sense organs
- Unipolar neurons (pseudounipolar neuron); dendrites and axon are
continuous; cell body lies off to one side.
o Most sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system.
- Multipolar neurons; 2 or more dendrites and single axon. Cell body by the
dendrite.
o Most common neurons in CNS
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper biomedicalsciencesvu. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €2,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
