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Chapter 5 learning..................................................................................................................................5
Understand the increased importance of learning for individuals and organizations........................5
Explain the characteristics of the behaviourists and cognitive approaches to learning......................5
Explain the socialization process, and assess the practical relevance of this concept........................6
Explain what neuroscience can tell us about making learning more effective...................................6
Apply the AGES model to your own learning process, to help make your learning stick....................7
Assess the practices and ethics of methods of behaviour modification.............................................7
Chapter 6 personality.............................................................................................................................9
Distinguish between type, trait and self-theories of personality........................................................9
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of questionnaires and projective tests as measures of
personality..........................................................................................................................................9
Explain the relationship between personality and stress, and identify appropriate individual and
organizational stress management strategies....................................................................................9
Evaluate the benefits and problems of psychometric assessment as a tool to assist management
decision making, particularly in selection.........................................................................................10
Assess your own personality............................................................................................................11
Chapter 7 communication....................................................................................................................11
Describe the dimensions of social intelligence, and explain the importance of these capabilities,
especially for managers....................................................................................................................11
Understand the main components of the interpersonal communication process...........................12
Identify the main barriers to effective interpersonal communication..............................................12
Understand the effective use of different questioning techniques, conversation controls and
listening skills....................................................................................................................................13
Explain the nature and significance of non-verbal communication..................................................13
Understand the nature and mechanisms of impressions management skills and techniques.........14
Explain the nature and significance of an organization’s communication climate...........................14
Chapter 8 perception............................................................................................................................16
Identify the main features of the process of perception..................................................................16
Distinguish between the bottom-up processing of sensory information and the tp-down
interpretation of that information....................................................................................................16
Understand the nature and implications of selective attention and perceptual organization..........16
Give examples of how behaviour is influences by our perceptions..................................................17
Explain and illustrate the main processes and problems in perception, including false attributions,
halo effects and stereotyping...........................................................................................................17
Explain some less widely appreciated sources of discrimination at work arising from characteristics
of the person perspective and attribution processes.......................................................................18
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, Suggest ways to improve perceptual accuracy and avoid errors......................................................18
Chapter 9 motivation............................................................................................................................18
Understand different ways in which the term motivation is used....................................................18
Explain the distinction between content and process theories of motivation..................................19
Understand how motives and motivation processes influence behaviour.......................................19
Apply expectancy theory and job enrichment techniques to diagnose organizational problems and
to recommend practical solutions....................................................................................................20
Explain the contemporary interest in work motivation, with respect to presenteeism, the gig
economy, employee engagement and high-performance work systems.........................................21
Chapter 10 group formation.................................................................................................................22
List the key characteristics of a group..............................................................................................22
Distinguish between different types of group tasks.........................................................................23
Name the four research phases of the Hawthorne studies..............................................................23
Distinguish between a formal and an informal group......................................................................23
Outline Homan’s theory of group formation....................................................................................24
Enumerate the five stages of Tuckman and Jensen’s model of group development........................24
Chapter 11 group structure..................................................................................................................25
List the six dimensions of group structure........................................................................................25
Identify the sources of power within a group...................................................................................25
Distinguish between two common uses of the concept of status....................................................26
Understand how emotional relationships within a group can be represented symbolically............26
Distinguish between communication network analysis, communication pattern analysis and
interpersonal process analysis (IPA).................................................................................................26
Distinguish between task-oriented, sociability and dominance behaviours within a group.............27
Differentiate between Belbin’s team roles.......................................................................................27
Give examples of the three original leadership styles identified by Lewin, White and Lippit...........28
Distinguish between a task and socio-emotional group leader........................................................29
List the key dimensions of a virtual team.........................................................................................29
Identify the benefits and problems associated with virtual teams...................................................29
Chapter 12 Individuals in groups..........................................................................................................31
Explain the basic tenets of social identity theory and social representation theory.........................31
Distinguish between social facilitation and social loafing.................................................................31
Understand how groups use norms to regulate the behaviour of their members...........................32
Understand the process of group socialization of individuals..........................................................32
Explain why individuals conform to the dictates of their group.......................................................33
Distinguish between compliance and conversion.............................................................................33
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,Chapter 13 teamworking......................................................................................................................35
Understand why team is a contested concept in the organizational literature................................35
List the nine dimension of team autonomy......................................................................................35
Differentiate between four major types of teams and give an example of each..............................35
Discuss the types of obstacles to effectiveness experienced by each type of team.........................36
Contrast western with Japanese concepts of teamworking.............................................................36
List the four main variables in ecological framework for analysing work team effectiveness..........37
Understand the continuing importance of teamworking.................................................................37
Chapter 19 change................................................................................................................................38
Explain why effective change and management is important, to organizations and to individuals..38
Identify the main external and internal triggers of organizational change.......................................38
Explain the issues that management must take into account to ensure that change is successful. .39
Understand the typical characteristics of human response to change.............................................40
Understand the nature of resistance to change and approaches to overcoming it..........................41
Explain the advantages and limitations of participative methods of change management..............42
Understand the significance of innovation, and the distinction between sustaining, disruptive and
operational innovations....................................................................................................................42
Explain the organizational properties that stimulate and stifle innovation respectively..................42
Recognize the challenges facing innovative change leaders.............................................................42
Chapter 21 conflict...............................................................................................................................44
Identify the four major frames of reference on conflict...................................................................44
Distinguish between functional and dysfunctional conflict..............................................................44
Distinguish between different conflict levels and conflict causes.....................................................44
Explain the mechanisms of group conflict contagion and how member differences can be revealed
..........................................................................................................................................................45
Explain the relationship between organizing, coordinating and conflict..........................................45
Distinguish the different organizational coordination devices.........................................................45
List Thomas’ five conflict resolution approaches and Gelfand’s four conflict resolution cultures....46
Distinguish between distributive and integrative bargaining...........................................................46
Contrast the three dimensions of organizational justice..................................................................46
Distinguish four classes of counterproductive work behaviour........................................................47
Contrast organizational citizenship behaviour with employee counterproductive work behaviour 47
Chapter 22 power and politics..............................................................................................................48
Appreciate the importance of power and politics in organizations..................................................48
Compare and contrast different perspectives on power..................................................................48
Distinguish different bases of power................................................................................................48
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,Identity organizational factors which enhance the power of departments......................................48
Differentiate between influencing tactics and political tactics.........................................................48
Identify the characteristics of individuals most likely to engage in political behaviour....................50
Explain how women use and are affected by organizational politics...............................................50
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, Chapter 5 learning
Understand the increased importance of learning for individuals and organizations
Automation will make some skills and knowledge redundant, and workers at all levels will
need to learn new skills and acquire fresh knowledge in order to stay in employment
The ability to learn- and to keep on learning- is a valuable skill in its own right, with a
premium on lifelong learning
Skills that will remain critical include critical thinking, complex problem solving, the ability to
absorb information, interpersonal and communication skills, and team working.
Why study learning? the capability to learn and to develop new knowledge affects an
organization’s ability to grow and survive, as technologies, customer requirements, governments
policies and economic conditions change
Procedural learning: knowing how, skills
Declarative learning: knowing that , facts
Learning discipline Explanation
Personal mastery Aspiration, concerning what you as an individual want to
achieve
Mental models Reflection and inquiry, concerning the constant refinement of
thinking and development of awareness
Shared vision Collective commitment to a common sense of purpose and
actions to achieve that purpose
Team learning Group interaction, concerning collective thinking and action to
achieve common goals
Systems thinking Understanding interdependency and complexity and the role
of feedback in system development
Senge: Work has to be learningful at every level
Explain the characteristics of the behaviourists and cognitive approaches to learning
Behaviourism argues that we learn chains of muscle movements. As mental processes are
not observable, they are not considered valid issues for study. Introduced by John B Watson.
Is also known as stimulus- response psychology. Environment influences behaviour. Animals
and humans learn in similar ways. Learning by trial and error
Cognitive psychology argues that we learn mental structures. Mental processes are
important and they are amenable to study although they cannot be observed. Cognitive
learning is called information processing theories
In behaviourist theory, feedback contributes to learning by providing reinforcement; in
cognitive theory, feedback provides information and is motivational
Behaviourist, stimulus-response Cognitive, information processing
Studies observable behaviour Studies mental processes
Behaviour is determined by learning sequences Behaviour is determined by memory, mental
of muscle movement processes and expectations
We learn habits We learn cognitive structures
We solve problems by trial and error We solve problems with insight and
understanding
Routine, mechanistic, open to direct research Rich, complex, studied using indirect methods
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