Samenvatting
Summary 3.1 CCP Minor: P11 Ethnic Identity & School Adjustment
Problem 11 of the Cross Cultural Psychology Minor - Ethnic Identity & School Adjustment. In depth summary & class notes as well.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 6 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 6 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
3.1 P11: School AdjustmentAppel: The influence of stereotype threat on immigrants – review & analysis
Introduction
- Stereotype & social identity threat: negative stereotypes can undermine performance
of negatively stereotyped group members due to extra pressure to not fail
- Most experimental evidence on stereotype threat is based on women (stereotype: low
ability in numerical domains) and African Americans (stereotype: low intellectual
ability)
Immigration, Achievement and Stereotype Threat
- Stereotype threat = state of psychological discomfort that arises when individuals
are confronted w/negative stereotype about their group in situation where negative
stereotype could be confirmed
- Integrative model of stereotype threat: physiological stress response, increased
monitoring of performance situation, regulation of negative thoughts/emotions. These
processes consume working memory capacity, which is unavailable for task at hand,
so underperformance in cognitive tasks
- Stereotype test theory puts little emphasis on distinction of stereotyped groups
The Special(?) Case of Immigrants
- Stereotypic expectations differ across immigrants, e.g. Hispanic Americans
stereotyped to be less academically successful, but Asians stereotyped to be more so
- Due to this heterogeneity in stereotype valence & content, it’s hard to figure out the
influence of stereotype threat on immigrants in general
- Immigration status becoming ‘fuzzier’, e.g. acculturation
- Being an immigrant = a subjective state of ethnic identification
- Bicultural identity integration = for some, both identities are overlapping &
compatible, for others, both identities are different and cause conflict
- Group identification: ethnic identification can buffer the negative effects of societal
devaluation & rejection of immigrants
- Stereotype threat occurs when individuals identify w/group & identify w/ability
domain, while negative stereotype suggests negative connection between one’s group
& domain at hand. Negative effects of stereotype more pronounced when individuals
identify positively w/domain in question, either bc it is part of their self-concept or
due to situational prime of ego-involvement
Rationale & Overview
- Stereotype activating cues:
1. Blatant = explicit statement about inferiority of one group, e.g. ‘women score
lower in maths’
2. Moderately explicit = statement about subgroup differences in performance, but
direction of differences is left open, e.g. ‘the test has shown gender differences in
the past’
3. Indirect & subtle = no statement about subgroup differences, but contextual
expectation imposed on group that influences their performance (stereotype
threat?), e.g. test is diagnostic vs. not diagnostic
, Methods
- Study stereotype threats experienced by Latinos in US & Arab immigrants in Europe
Results
- Performance is worse when there is a stereotype imposed on the group – confirms
hypothesis
- Identity strength increases threat, reduces cognitive performance
- There were moderators that also influence result such as gender differences
- Stereotype has greater influence on cognitive abilities compared to general knowledge
Discussion
- Effects found for adults were larger than for children/adolescents
- All treatment types (blatant, moderately explicit and subtle) were effectively altering
immigrants’ performance
- Research didn’t account for bad preparation/prior knowledge before taking the test
(doesn’t measure the process)
- Funnel plot shows asymmetry: studies w/smaller samples showed larger effect sizes
in support of stereotype threat than studies w/larger samples – could be due to
publication bias. Studies w/the largest samples had least support for stereotype threat
- Method with which immigrant status was assessed was influential factor regarding
studies’ results
Dimitrova: Adjustment Outcomes of Immigrant Children & Youth in Europe
Two Perspectives on Adjustment of Immigrant Populations
Internalising outcomes = psychological distress, etc.
Externalising outcomes = behaviour; drug abuse, etc.
Academic adjustment outcomes = academic attitudes, achievement, etc.
1. Migration morbidity = immigrants display less adjustment than natives (lower
academic achievement, social functioning, etc.)
2. Immigrant paradox = immigrants display more favourable outcomes
Moderators of Adjustment of Immigrant Populations
- Sociodemographic = gender, socioeconomic status, geographic area, etc.
- Context variables = policy & intergroup attitudes toward immigrant groups
Well-being of immigrant youth related to acculturation orientations: adherence to both
cultures results in better developmental outcomes & well-being, effective policies for
immigrants’ integration can also help, societal attitudes of receiving country,
discrimination
Present Investigation
Research Questions:
1. What is the strength of the relationship between immigration & adjustment outcomes
in children & youth in Europe?
2. Does the relationship vary for the different adjustment domains of internalising,
externalising and academic outcomes?
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper akiestudholme. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €6,49. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 64438 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 14 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen