Samenvatting studieboek English grammar in use van Raymond Murphy (hfdst 42,43,44,46,123,124,125,126,127,128,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145) - ISBN: 9780521537629, Druk: 3, Uitgavejaar: 2004
Engels Grammar in Use
Toetsperiode 4 Mei 20111
Unit 42-46, 69-83, 105-108, 121-128, 137-145
Unit 42: Passive 1
Active verb: to say what the subject does
My grandfather was a builder. He built this house in 1935.
Passive verb: to say what happens to the subject.
This house is quite old. It was built in 1935.
Passive: who or what causes the action is often unknown or unimportant.
A lot of money was stolen in the robbery (important that the money was stolen, we don’t know who did it)
If we want to say who does or what causes the action, we use by
This house was built by my grandfather.
Passive form: be (are/is/was/were) + past participle (voltooid deelwoord)
Present simple: Somebody cleans this room every day; active
This room is cleaned every day; passive
Past simple: Somebody cleaned this room every day; active
This room was cleaned every day; passive
Unit 43: Passive 2
Infinitive:
active; (to) + do/clean/see somebody will clean the room later
passive; (to) + be done/cleaned/seen the room will be cleaned later
Perfect infinitive:
active; (to) have + done/cleaned/seen somebody should have cleaned the room
passive; (to) have been + done/cleaned/seen the room should have been cleaned
Present perfect:
active; have/has + done etc. the room looks nice. somebody has cleaned it
passive; have/has been + done etc. the room looks nice. it has been cleaned
Past perfect:
active; had + done etc. the room looked nice. somebody had cleaned it
passive; had been + done etc. the room looked nice. it had been cleaned
Present continuous:
active; am/is/are + (do)ing somebody is cleaning the room at the moment
passive; am/is/are + being (done) the room is being cleaned at the moment
Past continuous:
active; was/were + (do)ing somebody was cleaning the room at the moment
passive; was/were + being (done) the room was being cleaned at the moment
, Unit 44: Passive 3
Verbs which can have 2 objects: give, ask, offer, pay, show, teach, tell
Somebody gave the police the information
1) The police were given the information
2) The information was given to the police
‘’I don’t like … ‘’
active; I don’t like people telling me what to do
passive; I don’t like being told what to do
‘’I was born… ‘’
past: I was born in .. / where were you born?
present: how many babies are born every day?
Get: can be used instead of ‘be’ in the passive form. Only when things happen.
There was a fight at the party, but nobody got hurt (was hurt)
Jill is liked by everybody (not gets liked; it’s no happening)
Also with the following expressions, not in passive;
- get married, get divorced - get lost
- get dressed - get changed
Unit 45: It is said that .. He is said to .. He is supposed to ..
This structure is used with a number of verbs, especially: alleged, believed, considered, expected, known,
reported, thought, understood.
It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion - Two people are reported to have been
injured in the explosion
Often used in news reports.
Sometimes (it is) supposed to .. = (it is) said to ..
I want to see that film. It’s supposed to be good – It is sad to be good.
Supposed to: to say what is intended, arranged or expected. Often this is different than the real situation.
What are you doing at work? You’re supposed to be on holiday.
Not supposed to : it is not allowed or advisable.
You’re not supposed to park your car here. It’s private parking only.
Unit 46: Have something done
Have something done: used to say what we arrange for somebody else to do something for us.
Lisa repaired the roof (she did it herself)
Lisa had the roof repaired (she arranged for somebody else to repair it)
! Word order: the past participle after the object.
Our neighbour has just had a garage built
I think you should have that coat cleaned
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