Samenvatting
Summary of all the essential literature for International Migration
- Instelling
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
It includes all the essential literature including the book The Age of Migration and several articles.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 4 van de 45 pagina's
Voorbeeld 4 van de 45 pagina's
In winkelwagengesponsord bericht van onze partner
Gekoppeld boek
Titel boek:
Auteur(s):
- Uitgave:
- ISBN:
- Druk:
2 beoordelingen
Door: 93010496 • 3 jaar geleden
Door: mairaluco • 3 jaar geleden
It is not clear where the summaries for the book "The age of migration" are in the document. And when they are available, only some pages are summarized.
Voorbeeld van de inhoud
chapter one - introductionlecture one & three
- the global migration rates have been relatively stable over the past decades however
the political salience around the migration has increased.
● there is brain drain on the one hand of the migration side and on the other
hand there are people moving with their knowledge and money in the hope of
creating economic development somewhere else.
● migration groups can create a lot of impact such as with the american
election where Obama won because of the hispanics.
● the political salience increasement is also seen in Europe in extreme right
movements
challenges of global migration
- migration has always been there and has even been more in some ages like the
Industrial age where a lot of Europeans moved to English speaking countries and
- a challenge of the migration is the challenge international migration poses to state
sovereignty, specifically their ability to regulate the movements.
● in the beginning of the 20th century it was not seen as a threat however over
the course of the 20th century irregular migrants (undocumented or
illegal) were trying to cross borders.
● irregularity is often the result of tighter control measures which have blocked
earlier movements.
- another challenge is posed by transnationalism as people become more mobile,
many of them foster social and economic relationships in two or more societies at
once.
- a new challenge is also the global scope of the migration process and their
centrality to domestic and international politics and their social and economic
consequences.
● politics may even change to regional or continental level causing the change
of many governments and influencing many lives.
- normally spoken the growth of diversity and transnationalism is seen as a beneficial
process where it can help overcome violence and destructiveness BUT it can also be
linked to conflicts as 9/11
● these events have given rise to the perceptions that threats to security of
states are linked to international migration.
● this therefore has increased the political salience about immigration, diversity
and multiculturalism.
- all these developments are can be linked to the fundamental economic, social and
political transformations happening in today's world like:
● emigration in less developed countries
, ● population growth and ‘green revolution’ in the rural areas of the less
developed countries, leading to a people flow to the cities.
- there is a lot of violence and oppression with often a bad government,
leading to forced migration.
- HOWEVER most migration is not driven by poverty and violence; international
migration requires significant resources, therefore many migrants benefit from the
opportunities of a globalized economy for mobility as highly qualified specialists or
entrepreneurs.
● class plays an important role as the smart highly skilled have more privilege
with regards to entry and residence, opposed to manual workers and
refugees who often experience exclusion and discrimination.
● the largest entry category in many places remains family reunion which
means the entry of dependent spouses, children and other family member of
previous migrants.
- large scale movements of people arise from the process of global integration, where
migrations are not isolated but can be movement of commodities, ideas, people,
money etc.
● where cultural global interchange is facilitated by the increased transport
and proliferation of print and electronic media.
- there are several reasons to expect the age of migration to endure:
1. persistent inequalities in wealth between rich and poor countries will
continue to impel large numbers of people to move.
2. political or ethnic conflict in a number of regions is likely to lead to future
large scale movements.
3. the creation of new free trade areas w ill facilitate movements of labour.
4. it is also motivated by the search of for better opportunities a nd lifestyles
elsewhere
● therefore economic development in poorer countries gives the people
resources to move to other places to make it even better.
- although the numbers have increased in the past decades, it is still relatively small,
however due to decreased transport prices things like tourism increased a lot, as
well as internal migration.
● internal migration is often in the greater poorer countries like China & India,
however the exact numbers are unknown.
- forced migrants are people compelled to flee their homes and seek refuge
elsewhere, the reasons to flight include political or ethnic violence or persecution.
● the decline after the early 1990s was due to the safety in the world but also
the decline of refugees by states
● but then internally the movements were bigger as they still needed to move
somewhere.
● most refugees remain in the poorest parts of the world as they do not have
the money to go to the richer and safer countries.
,- HOWEVER there is still a lot of international migration which influences the areas
of origin by:
● remittances, the money sent home
● investments by migrants may improve living standards, encourage economic
development and create employment but can also undermine growth.
- in the country of immigration s ettlement is closely linked to employment opportunity
and is mainly concentrated in industrial and urban areas.
contemporary migrations: general trends
- international migration is part of a transnational shift that is reshaping societies and
politics around the globe
● most countries always experience emigration and immigration, however one
is always predominant.
● trends have always been there but in different ways: Europe had labour
immigration, countries as Greece/Spain change from emigration to
immigration countries while US and Canada were founded upon immigration.
● parts like the Middle East and North Africa have increased movements, like
refugees in Iran or temporary workers in the richer countries.
● the rest of Africa also has a lot of migrant patterns, like the old colonialism
with mineworkers.
- there are general tendencies of migratory movements throughout the decades:
1. the globalization of migration the tendency for more and more countries to
be significantly affected by international migration and the receiving of more
diverse migrants.
2. the changing the direction of dominant migration flows where Europe
had a lot of emigration first, now they experience a lot of immigration.
3. the differentiation of migration most countries are not dominated by one
type of migration, such as labour migration, family reunion etc.
4. the proliferation of migration transitions this occurs when traditional lands
of emigration become lands of immigration, like Spain and Poland.
5. the feminization of labour migration in the past many labour migrations
were male dominated however today more women move.
6. the growing politicization of migration domestic politics, bilateral and
regional relationships and national security policies of states around the world
are increasingly affected by international migration.
international migration in global governance
- there are two separate flows in the politics on the one hand politicians cling to
national sovereignty on the other han the complexity and fragmentation of power
and authority that have resulted from globalization requires governments to
cooperate with other organizations and institutions.
, ● now the international migration as a central political issue rather migrants
were split up into smaller groups as permanent settlers and so on.
chapter 2 - theories of migration pp 25-53
tutorial 2 & lecture 2
- migration is often a collective action, arising out of social, economic and political
change and affecting the whole society in both sending and receiving areas.
● the volume and complexity of migration often increases with development this
is because improved access to education and information, social capital and
financial resources increases people’s aspirations and capabilities to migrate.
● it is difficult to separate economic from social, cultural and political causes of
migration as some are poor due to their cultural background etc.
- migration is an intrinsic part of broader processes of development, globalization and
social transformation rather than a problem to be solved.
● macro migrant structures refer to the large scale institutional factors, such
as the political economy of the world market or interstate relationships.
● micro structure embraces the practices, family ties etc.
● meso structure are the intermediate mechanisms between micro and macro,
such as migrant networks and the migration industry.
- these theories focus on the continuation of the migration.
explaining the migratory process
- migratory process sums up the complex sets of factors and interactions which lead
to migration and influence its course
- migration theories can be grouped together in two main paradigms:
● functionalist this tends to see society as a system, a collection of
interdependent parts, where somehow a tendency towards an equilibrium
exists.
- it sees migration as a positive phenomenon.
● historical-structural this emphasizes how social, economic, cultural and
political structures constrain and direct the behaviour of individuals in way that
generally do not lead to greater equilibrium, but rather reinforce disequilibria.
- economic and political power is unequally distributed and cultural
beliefs and social practices reproduce this inequality.
- they see migration as providing a cheap, exploitable labour force
which mainly serves the wealthy countries.
functionalist theories: push-pull models and neoclassical theory
- push-pull models identify economic, environmental and demographic factors which
are assumed to push people out of places of origin and pull them into destination
places.
Voordelen van het kopen van samenvattingen bij Stuvia op een rij:
Verzekerd van kwaliteit door reviews
Stuvia-klanten hebben meer dan 700.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet je zeker dat je de beste documenten koopt!
Snel en makkelijk kopen
Je betaalt supersnel en eenmalig met iDeal, creditcard of Stuvia-tegoed voor de samenvatting. Zonder lidmaatschap.
Focus op de essentie
Samenvattingen worden geschreven voor en door anderen. Daarom zijn de samenvattingen altijd betrouwbaar en actueel. Zo kom je snel tot de kern!
Veelgestelde vragen
Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?
Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.
Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?
Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.
Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?
Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper zoemulder. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.
Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?
Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor €4,99. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.
Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?
4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 47561 samenvattingen verkocht
Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen