Samenvatting
Summary Governance and Digitalisation
- Instelling
- Universiteit Leiden (UL)
All articles and papers are summarised individually in 38 pages. The whole summary is in English.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 5 van de 46 pagina's
Voorbeeld 5 van de 46 pagina's
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud
IndexHow did we get here?.............................................................................................................................3
Organisational changes......................................................................................................................3
West – digital government and stages of digital government change............................................3
Social changes....................................................................................................................................4
The financial times – the ethical impacts of growing digitalisation in society................................4
Political changes.................................................................................................................................5
The economist – Open progress technology and its discontents....................................................5
Harari – Nationalism vs. globalism: the new political divide...........................................................5
Economic changes..............................................................................................................................6
Challenge 1: Information complexity......................................................................................................7
Psychology of information..................................................................................................................8
Duffy – Psychology of information (youtube).................................................................................8
Fake news...........................................................................................................................................9
Big data and bias...............................................................................................................................10
The problem of privacy.....................................................................................................................11
Challenge 2: Public service quality........................................................................................................12
Technology hype (management view)..............................................................................................12
Digital divide (group view)................................................................................................................13
Surveillance......................................................................................................................................14
Challenge 3: Political Accountability.....................................................................................................17
Is technology political neutral?.........................................................................................................17
Media and accountability.................................................................................................................18
Ethical governing in an age of artificial intelligence..........................................................................20
Internet and dictators.......................................................................................................................22
Deepfakes.........................................................................................................................................22
Solution 1: Networks............................................................................................................................23
The emergence of the networks as dominant economic and organisational approach to success. .24
Castells - the emergence of the network economy......................................................................24
What networks can do to share and develop knowledge.................................................................26
Networks as solution to governance problems................................................................................28
Solution 2: Digital-Era Government (DEG)............................................................................................29
Where DEG comes from...................................................................................................................30
How DEG can work in practice..........................................................................................................34
FT and Piperal – Estonia................................................................................................................34
, Govetech – kiosks smart cities......................................................................................................34
What can DEG solve..........................................................................................................................35
FT - climate...................................................................................................................................35
Solution 3: open government...............................................................................................................36
Open source movement...................................................................................................................36
Shirky – How the Internet will (one day) transform government (ted).........................................36
World bank – the rise of opensource to spur agile digital government........................................36
Lecture..........................................................................................................................................36
Theories of open government..........................................................................................................37
Public accountability.........................................................................................................................39
FT – Barcelona (video)..................................................................................................................39
The conversation – Tech alone not enough to create connected cities........................................39
New York Times – Sweden............................................................................................................39
Information complexity....................................................................................................................40
Tang – Taiwan (ted)......................................................................................................................40
Economist – political will and technology can create better governance.....................................40
ODINE – open data, digitalisation and how to create smart cities................................................40
Public service....................................................................................................................................41
References............................................................................................................................................42
,How did we get here?
Organisational changes
West – digital government and stages of digital government change
E-government Allows for convenient asynchronous communication
Increases efficiency and weakens factionalisation
Can reinforce current bureaucratic patterns
Stage
Billboard Strictly deliver information
Partial Service Delivery Features as access, sorting and searching databases
Portal stage Dynamic and interactive elements present
An one-stop place for agencies
User is in control of the information it receives
Interactive democracy Public feedback and deliberation
Public accountability
Lots of online services and interactive features
Can enhance democracy
Requires parallel system
Sort of change
Incremental Similar to evolution
Secular Cumulative incremental change
Transformational Revolutionary change in which technology should be seen as a tool for
fundamental institutional change.
Change: Not always the result of rational but of those of who is in charge
Limits incorporation of technology (in addition to culture, budget)
A lot of interaction puts extra demand on the political system
Speed of tech is mediated by org. settings, political dynamics, media, budget
Well organised groups have also influences on which techs are adopted
,Social changes
Bell- Social capital: technology’s impact on society
Social capital Putnam:
Benefits that people gain from their relationship and membership in social networks
Internet Takes time away from interaction (Nie: time is hydraulic)
-> decreases mental health
-> destroys fabric for governance
New tech is blamed for societal scope rather than as a natural extension
Allows for fraud, child sexual exploitation and cyber-stalking
Different view showed that it expands the scope of human behaviour
Internet can actually increase social cohesion.
People had more long-distance contact
Time is not hydraulic and allowed people to be more efficient with their time
Requires interactivity (unlike passive tv)
Kids use networks to extend friendships
Build shared understanding on how to present themselves online and manage
relationships in the online world
Higher offline capital also tend to have more online social capital
The problem that the reverse can lead to divide between different groups
The financial times – the ethical impacts of growing digitalisation in society
New technologies Blockchain, ai, or 5g
Generates new services and employment
Can also be used for violent extremist purposes
AI -> societal challenges for labour markets, privacy and security
Cross-border dataflow -> privacy, data protection and IPR
G20 Co-operate to align an international legal framework
Use hyman-centred principles for responsible AI use
UK: Centre for data ethics aiming to better understand AI
Takes step needed to use AI for the greater good of society
Pays taxes in countries where they make revenues
Malta: Blockchain island due to the regulatory framework
The digital ethics rules works for cross-border data sharing is only the beginning and needs to be
sped up.
, Political changes
The economist – Open progress technology and its discontents
Techlash View that advances in technology are not welcome
Tech giants are too big
AI and algorithms are not transparent nor accountable
Tech giants Collects huge amounts of sensitive data of users
Have relaxed approach on safeguarding this data
This includes Chinese web giants
Fear of tech Technology can exceed limits of human control
Can create jobs around the new techs and methods
But never so many jobs were on the stake
Algorithms and AI are not accountable since they are protected by IPR
The struggle of liberalism was the individual against state/bureaucracy, but now it also includes a
struggle against algorithm
Harari – Nationalism vs. globalism: the new political divide
Populist Occurs through internet
Left-right divide Mondial-local divide
National politics does not make sense in global world
Either globalise politics or make the state a nation state
Global issues vs distraction of real national issues
Global ecology Everything is interconnected on a global area
Cyber river All human live along the cyber river of internet connectivity
Can bring people together and can solve problems
Governments cannot deal with global issues
Global issues AI, genetic engineering
Job loss
AI Jobs will be lost
Any type of computer that can be taught to learn things and automate things
Not everyone can be software designers.
Fake news Intentional use of fake news is not new but becomes more difficult
Test of suffrage (nations can not suffer)
If you repeat the lie, people believe it
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