Eu gov Samenvattingen, Aantekeningen en Examens

is direct democracy superior to representative democracy - direct democracy is the only pure form of democracy-first agree point -This is because it ensures that people only have to obey laws that they make themselves. Popular participation/sovereignty in government is the very key of freedom: it is how the people determine their collective destiny, their 'general will'. majority have a say/are represented e.g. Scottish independence referendum-84% turnout UK membership of the EU-72% on...

Evaluate the view that referendums create more problems than they solve - Referendums aggravate deep factionalism within the government, which leads to greater instability and weakness. Indeed, it would seem that they create more problems than they solve The EU ref was called to silence the euroscepticism within the Conservative parties but it has just amplified the divisions within that party Paragraph 1: Brexit is a massive example of referendums causing more problems than they solve: R...

9 MARKERS - GOVERNMENT AND UK POLITICS - ANS Explain and analyse three circumstances under which referendums have been held in the UK. - ANS P1 - TO FULFIL PLEDGES MADE BY PARTY MANIFESTOS E1 - Labour in 1997, promised to hold a referendum on a mayor of LONDON. 2015 Tories said they would hold an IN/OUT ref on the EU P2 - TO SATISFY TERMS OF AN AGREEMENT E2 - AV in 2011, Lib Dem/Coalition Agreement P3 - WHERE GOV ITSELF IS DIVIDED E3 - EU Referendum (2016) with parliament and other membe...

'Evaluate the extent to which the increased use of referendums would improve democracy in the UK'- Themes - direct democracy participation representation 'Evaluate the extent to which the increased use of referendums would improve democracy in the UK'- Judgement - large extent Direct Democracy - referendums purest form of democracy each vote is equal and none are wasted produce accurate reflection of wishes of the people gives gov decisions greater legitimacy and authority low turn...

infant mortality rate total number of deaths of children <1 year old / total number of live births x 1000 measurement for access to safe water access to water that is affordable, in sufficient quanitity and availabale without excessive effort and time measurement to health services measured in the number of people per doctor, health worker or hospital DALYs the sum of years of potential life loss due to premature mortality and the years of producive life lost due to d...

Themes: Evaluate the view that in a democracy MPs are free to ignore referendum results and their own political party's manifesto. - ANS HRA Protection of rights- HRA - ANS Protected: Not protected: HRA is uncodified and can be altered by a simple act of Parliament, should be entrenched to protect human rights > Blairs anti-terrorism legislation following 9/11 > Evaluate the view that rights are well protected in the UK - ANS Themes: Evaluate the extent to which there differences ...

1 - Conventions are weak in accounting the actions of ministers as not legally binding, can be easily ignored by ministers or prime ministers. U.K.'s codified constitution means that conventions are ignored and other factors play greater role in determining whether or not ministers resign or are reschuffled e.g. Ian Duncan Smith resigned after cuts the disability benefit in the budget - resignation unlikely to do with single budget but instead because of a culmination of growing rese...

1 - Conventions are weak in accounting the actions of ministers as not legally binding, can be easily ignored by ministers or prime ministers. U.K.'s codified constitution means that conventions are ignored and other factors play greater role in determining whether or not ministers resign or are reschuffled e.g. Ian Duncan Smith resigned after cuts the disability benefit in the budget - resignation unlikely to do with single budget but instead because of a culmination of growing rese...

Evaluate the extent to which constitutional reform has significantly improved Democracy in the UK. (or Evaluate the extent to which constitutional reform in the UK since 1997 has removed constitutional weakness) para 1 - failed to remove weakness - Demo deficit - House of Lords Act (1998) → all but 92 hereditary peers were removed and replaced by life peers, which are appointed by the government of the day + remain for life/retirement. Unelected and not accountable to the electorate. = un...

Information privacy the combination of communications privacy and data privacy. communications privacy the ability to communicate with others without those communications being monitored by other persons or organizations data privacy Ability to limit access to one's personal data by other individuals and organizations in order to exercise a substantial degree of control over that data and their use. Fair Credit Reporting Act 1970 Regulates the operations of credit repor...