EXAMS, STUDY GUIDES, ESSAYS, NOTES & GOOD GRADES

*Transtibial*: For *early stance*, what are the *prosthetic* causes of *insufficient knee flexion*? 1. Shoe heel too low. 2. Excessive plantar flexion. 3. Heel cushion too soft. 4. Socket too far posterior. 5. Socket insufficiently flexed. *Transtibial*: For *early stance*, what are the *anatomical* causes of *insufficient knee flexion*? 1. Extensor spasticity. 2. Weak quadriceps. 3. Anterior-distal pain Arthritis. *Transtibial*: For *midstance*, what are the *prosthetic* causes...

At heel strike the knee joint is at________ while the ankle joint is at _______: at neutral/ full extension, 90 degrees of neutral--> at heel strike the knee is at neutral or full extension while the ankle is at 90 degrees/ neutral In normal gait, maximum knee flexion reaches approximately? 60-65 degrees, in normal gait cycle T/F the duration of double support varies inversely with the speed of walking and in running double support is absent? true--> in solw walking double supp...

A heel that is too soft on a transtibial prosthesis may result in _______ ________ and _______ _______ pressures. proximal anterior and distal posterior The centrode of rotation of a polycentric prosthetic knee is locted _______ and _______ as compared to the weight line. proximal and posterior An amputation that removes the midfoot and forefoot, saving the talus and calcaneus is called a Chopart (Symes preserves malleoli, Chopart preserves calcaneus and talus, Lisfranc preserves ta...

What history contents should be taken at the initial evaluation of a patient Cause of amputation and/date Comorbidities Any issues with contralateral limb or upper extremities Current activities Job duties Goals Home Environment Use of Assistive devices MMT/ROM Thomas Test Previous Prosthetic History What are the measurements that should be taken when casting a TT prosthesis? Circumference every 2", starting 4 inches proximal to MPT AP @ MPT and Popliteal Fossa ML@ Femora...

What are some possible comorbidities to pay attention to for a prosthetic evaluation? Why? diabetes kidney function (dialysis) hypertension - fluctuating volume What are the advantages to a PTB style socket? Rotational control Relief over bony prominences What are the disadvantages to a PTB style socket? Concentrated pressures on select few areas High pressure on patellar tendon Can result in pistoning What are the advantages to a TSB style socket? Equal pressure distribu...

External power feet K1-3, all cadence/terrain Pros: propulsion, dorsi/plantarflexion Cons: batteries/weight/cost/processing speed Single axis feet Pros: inexpensive, durable Cons: rigid forefoot, not energy efficient, not suitable for uneven surfaces SACH feet Pros: provides stability in early stance Cons: DF stop increases knee hyperextesion Flexible keel Pros: provides easy rollover, smooth transition from heel strike to toe off, allows natural sagittal plane motion, reduc...

Clues: patient no longer fitting in socket today but fit yesterday Problem: swelling (ate salty meal, not wearing shrinker at night) Solution: educate patient on limb volume changes TD too difficult to open (TR) Force problem Solutions: remove rubber band, check for sharp angles on cabling, add teflon/wax to housing TD doesn't open all the way (TR) Excursion problem Solutions: check position of cross point, tighten or lower CAS TD opens before/during elbow flexion (TH) For...

What is the cause and solution to a patient with discoloration/blistering on distal limb with appropriate socket fit Limb is being milked due to inappropriate liner donning Solution: educate patient on how to properly don liner What is the cause and solution to an upper limb patient with the TD opening with elbow flexion Too much force/not enough excursion in system Solution: Move EFA (Elbow Flexion attachment) distal, move Proximal Baseplate Retainer(PBPR) Lateral, Anterior, Proximal...

What is the likely cause of proximal lateral and distal medial redness Socket adducted Foot too outset What is the likely cause of distal limb redness Residual limb change- loss in volume Socket cause- lack of distal contact Patient cause- incroectly donning liner causing milking of limb What is the likely cause of fibular head redness Socket cause- not enough of relief of fibular head What is the likely cause of Anterior proximal and posterior distal redness Socket too exten...

Incidence of scoliosis Girls > boys 8x Major worsening: adolescent growth spurt Most likely progression: double major and thoracolumbar curves Scoliosis physical assessment Observe asymmetries: iliac crests, waist, arm gaps, shoulder elevation, winged scapula, rib hump, fullness of lumbar area, decompensation Adam's forward bending test Assess pelvic obliquity/LLD (> 1/2" requires shoe lift before bracing) Coronal and sagittal plane assessment Assess flexibility of curve...