Fundamentalist / revolutionary socialism Social democracy Third way
Human Marx and Engels had an absolute positive view Anthony Crosland says innate human nature Anthony Giddens – Human nature is shaped by
Nature of human nature, humans shaped by nurture, compels us to reduce huge inequality of outcomes socio-economic conditions, the pro-fairness
with the economic system they live under in society, accept you cannot eradicate differences instinct still exists, but there is now more
All agree on having a large effect, in society: BUT create fairness and social justice, individual aspiration. People can prosper under
equality, but make capitalism a fair race. capitalism yet still appreciate the core socialist
to varying The capitalist disease has contaminated the values of cooperation, fraternity and
extents masses, instilling victims with ‘false -Improve society through taxation, often collectivism
(opportunity
consciousness’ like nationalism, democracy or progressive, establishing a welfare state
or outcome)
and different religion Communitarianism, taxation to help the poor
ways in Communitarianism – caring for the collective, through social inclusion, interest of community
achieving it Support common humanity: humans are social through more equal distribution of welfare/wealth and moral responsibility over individual,
(evolutionary creatures, tending to favour cooperation, fraternity, solidarity, but, under capitalism
or sociability and rationality Relative social equality and liberty through equal
revolutionary) opportunity, but equal outcome to a much lesser equality: they want greater equality of
Absolute (social) equality by abolishing private extent opportunity and pro-fairness is in Human
All agree on property, egalitarianism nature, which requires more inequality of
core socialist
So, altruism, caring for your comrades, fraternity, outcome, if everyone gets the same, people are
values, but
under Communitarianism, social equality and freedom, cooperation, but underneath the framework of a not making risks and aren’t trying, if there’s
different achieved through submission to common good, capitalist system, who’s powers have been greater inequality of outcome, it’ll create more
economic and, social interaction harnessed to benefit the masses, collectively. money, encourages entrepreneurship, and
systems innovation
Collectivism – common goals, working together Fraternity, cooperation, harmony still, but in the
instead of as individuals Fraternity, cooperation, framework of individualist capitalism Socially, they are for egalitarianism and equality
interdependence - work together, rather than i.e. gender equality, diversity, human rights,
against one another (competition), develop All socialists reject that society should not be positive discrimination, such as with Blair in
sympathy, cooperation unequal on outcomes, but they disagree on extent parliament, quotas, civil gay partnership
to which one should eradicate these differences
Equal outcome – abolition of private property
Beatrice Webb – capitalism will lead to violent
revolution due to its damage on the human
psyche, people need to be guided gradually back
to its original, cooperative condition
