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Summary Second Boer War Notes

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Second Boer War Notes

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  • February 14, 2024
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The Second Boer War 1899-1902
 Boers – originally Dutch but settled in the Orange Free State and the Transvaal –
mostly farmers and skilled hunters, all were armed, had modern German and French
artillery, mobile commandos (bands of horsemen using guerrilla tactics) – also had
support from Afrikaans speakers in Natal and Cape Colony – led by Christian de Wet
and Louis Botha
 Gold was found in the Transvaal and caused outlanders (foreigners) to settle – war
began in 1899 after Britain refused to remove its troops
 First Boer War – a war about empire-building, the protection of identity and language
 Strength of the British Army
o Cardwell reforms had improved organisation and recruitment - breech-loading
field artillery and Maxim machine guns had been tested in Afghanistan and
Sudan
o 250,000 regular soldiers, but 70,000 were in India, 78,000 reserves, local
militias would provide another 65,000
o Introduction of khaki rather than red
o Sir Redvers Buller and Lord Kitchener were experienced, and both had the
Victoria Cross for bravery
o They do not know the terrain; commanders were ill-prepared and assumed the
Boers would surrender at the sight of the British as Mahdi did in Sudan
o Lee Enfield Rifles – fastest firing rifles
 Importance of railways
o Boers used ox-wagons to transport
o Department of Military Railways had a specialist unit of engineers sent – but
the Boers found ways to block or cut the track – it is a vast amount of land to
travel (Germany and France combined)
o Kitchener had the aim of stopping this in the later stages of the war through
armoured trains
 The British view to the Boers were threat they were hostile to democracy and a barrier
to British colonial aims – but there was mutual respect between the two sides, with
human treatment of white wounded and prisoners
 Sieges on Mafeking, Kimberley, and Ladysmith – October/November 1899
o Kimberley – Roberts used 40,000 men to relieve it and Sir John French
cavalry fought through
o Mafeking – General Robert Baden-Powell used fake landmines, dummy guns
and moving his real guns around to pretend he had more – Colonel Mahon
 Ladysmith (Natal)
o Surrounded by 35,000 Boers under General Joubert
o Sir George White set up a defensive perimeter – left it mostly to junior officers
and only the northern section was heavily fortified
o Boers used French siege guns and the British used naval guns
o Lord Roberts joins the war in January 1900 – used pontoons to cross the
Tugela river, Buller’s troops marched and relieved Ladysmith
 Black Week – 10th-17th December 1899
o British response to the sieges was Sir Buller – the plan had been to advance
along the railway and attack Boer stronghold, like Bloemfontein, but split his
groups to relieve the stricken towns

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