PST312M
Section A - Questions
Describe how a country would benefit economically if it were to stage the Olympic games.
Tourism: Stimulate local economy, especially bars, restaurants, rental cars, hotels etc. Attracts visitors.
Construction industry: The construction & maintenance of sports facilities around the world amounted to
billions of dollars. It creates a lot of work in the industry.
Professional Athlete’s: The number of professional athletes is increasing, and they receive good salaries, they
often earn more than other top professions.
Careers: Sport provides careers in; sports medicine, sport psychology, etc.
Sponsorships: Companies spend million on advertising so that their products can be associated with sport.
Name the different systems of the body and give the major function of each.
Joints: form the junctions between the bones used for movement.
Bones: support, protect and help the body perform any muscular movement.
Muscles: muscular movement goes on all the time; for breathing, moving and standing still.
Nervous system: carries signals from the brain. The nervous system includes brain, spinal cord and many other
nerves that branch off the spinal cord.
Which steps should be taken when treating an injured learner?
Stop - the athlete from participating, the game (Don’t panic)
Talk to the injured athlete – Can you talk? Where does it hurt? What did you feel? Did you hear any sounds?
(Provide a few words of encouragement).
Observe – personality (is it normal), injury site (is it normal, bleeding, swollen).
Prevent further injury.
Name the two physiological responses of the body to protect it against an increase in core temperature.
Sweating response: the athlete sweats profusely to control their body temperature.
Vasodilation response: The altering of blood flow through the skin, makes face turn red.
Name five instances in which a teacher can be found guilty of negligence.
Define each of the following:
Recreation: Voluntary activity that is beneficial to the participant, recreation, by its very nature, is undertaken
during leisure or free time.
Liability: The acceptance of risk provides a defense against liability in certain dangerous activities. This includes
the person who is responsible for some cases.
Nutrients: It is food that consists of various things that are essential for body functioning. Nutrients perform
various tasks in the body and consist of:
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Fat
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
• Fibre
,Name the three stages of learning, and explain the characteristics of athletes in each of the stages
Stage 1: The beginning stage
Characteristic: Athletes need to know what it is they are trying to achieve.
Stage 2: The intermediate stage
Characteristic: The athlete develops due to regular practice according to the motor programmes that was
initiated in the beginning stage.
Stage 3: The advanced stage
Characteristic: Athletes can maintain a high level of performance in a variety of competitive environments.
Define the following terms very briefly to indicate the difference between them.
Physical education: involves teaching learners’ skills. It provides the teacher with the opportunity to
educate learners through the experience of motor movement. Further is teacher them about their bodies and
physical
Recreation: is a voluntary activity that is beneficial to the participant; recreation, by its very nature, is
undertaken during leisure or free time.
Sport: is a human activity that involves administration and rules. Sport also involves competition, challenge, and
the use of certain skills. Also, any sport has a definite historical background.
Play: is a spontaneous and enjoyable activity that individuals engage in for its own sake. A child must
play to be able to learn.
Indicate the meaning of 'periodization' and mention the three main periods.
We use the term ``periodization'' in coaching to describe the division of a training programme into several
periods. Each period has a specific training objective. Most important aspect is to have the athlete fully
prepared and in a physical and mental state to perform at a level never previously achieved. Achieving optimum
performance at the right place and time is called ``peaking''. Planning for the year or season is done backwards.
You and the athlete must decide what, where and when major competitions will take place. Thereafter the start
of the training year should be decided. Training plans should be simple and flexible as the plan may be
modified according to the athlete's progress and improvements.
Three main periods
Preparation period: Concentrate on general all-round fitness rather than on specific training. Introduce new
skills, techniques and modify existing techniques. Concentrate on volume.
Competition: Volume is reduced - intensity increased. Training more related to competition. Keep level of
fitness.
Transition (active rest): Recovery after competition and encourages interest and general fitness through a
variety of activities.
What is your role as physical education teacher in the drug education of your learners? Explain.
• equip learners/ athletes with skills to make the right decisions (the correct decision being not to take
drugs)
• teach athletes to withstand the peer group pressures which could force them in the wrong direction
• emphasise short-term health and immediate social consequences
• emphasise the legal implications of taking drugs
• the coach should discourage young athletes from focusing on potential financial rewards, which tends to
encourage drug use.
• emphasise the financial loss involved in drug use (drugs are very expensive)
, Which methods can the physical education teacher use to help learners develop their full potential?
• great teaching method
• commanded style
• task method
• combined teaching
• indirect teaching
• guided discovery
• free exploration
Name five important aspects when counselling athletes who have experienced setbacks
• Accurate assessment
• Analysis of performance
• Athlete’s need to achieve success
• Motivation is key to improvement
• Need for commitment to programme
• Students must not be overstressed
• Factors influencing performance
• Awareness of athlete’s lifestyle
• Need for balanced lifestyle
• Role of the coach
Name and describe three different types of coaching style.
Irrespective of what jobs the coach is expected to undertake, how he or she carries them out may determine
the ultimate success. Coaching styles are very easily recognized by athletes and they can either help or hinder.
Authoritarian
• task orientated
• strict, disciplined
• coach makes all decisions
Cooperative
• athlete centered
• social and task objectives
• winning judged by athlete and coach
Casual
• no emphasis on any philosophy
• no specific coaching objective in mind
• decisions made by athletes
Briefly describe the effects of exercise on growth
• Exercise develops cardiorespiratory system; lung capacity will be increased, and heart strengthened.
• Muscles are enlarged, and strength increased.
• Exercise and, especially, flexibility reduce the risk of injury.
• Beware of heavy workloads for young athletes; growth areas are soft and can result in injuries.
• Results in a healthy outlook on life.
Section A - Questions
Describe how a country would benefit economically if it were to stage the Olympic games.
Tourism: Stimulate local economy, especially bars, restaurants, rental cars, hotels etc. Attracts visitors.
Construction industry: The construction & maintenance of sports facilities around the world amounted to
billions of dollars. It creates a lot of work in the industry.
Professional Athlete’s: The number of professional athletes is increasing, and they receive good salaries, they
often earn more than other top professions.
Careers: Sport provides careers in; sports medicine, sport psychology, etc.
Sponsorships: Companies spend million on advertising so that their products can be associated with sport.
Name the different systems of the body and give the major function of each.
Joints: form the junctions between the bones used for movement.
Bones: support, protect and help the body perform any muscular movement.
Muscles: muscular movement goes on all the time; for breathing, moving and standing still.
Nervous system: carries signals from the brain. The nervous system includes brain, spinal cord and many other
nerves that branch off the spinal cord.
Which steps should be taken when treating an injured learner?
Stop - the athlete from participating, the game (Don’t panic)
Talk to the injured athlete – Can you talk? Where does it hurt? What did you feel? Did you hear any sounds?
(Provide a few words of encouragement).
Observe – personality (is it normal), injury site (is it normal, bleeding, swollen).
Prevent further injury.
Name the two physiological responses of the body to protect it against an increase in core temperature.
Sweating response: the athlete sweats profusely to control their body temperature.
Vasodilation response: The altering of blood flow through the skin, makes face turn red.
Name five instances in which a teacher can be found guilty of negligence.
Define each of the following:
Recreation: Voluntary activity that is beneficial to the participant, recreation, by its very nature, is undertaken
during leisure or free time.
Liability: The acceptance of risk provides a defense against liability in certain dangerous activities. This includes
the person who is responsible for some cases.
Nutrients: It is food that consists of various things that are essential for body functioning. Nutrients perform
various tasks in the body and consist of:
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Fat
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
• Fibre
,Name the three stages of learning, and explain the characteristics of athletes in each of the stages
Stage 1: The beginning stage
Characteristic: Athletes need to know what it is they are trying to achieve.
Stage 2: The intermediate stage
Characteristic: The athlete develops due to regular practice according to the motor programmes that was
initiated in the beginning stage.
Stage 3: The advanced stage
Characteristic: Athletes can maintain a high level of performance in a variety of competitive environments.
Define the following terms very briefly to indicate the difference between them.
Physical education: involves teaching learners’ skills. It provides the teacher with the opportunity to
educate learners through the experience of motor movement. Further is teacher them about their bodies and
physical
Recreation: is a voluntary activity that is beneficial to the participant; recreation, by its very nature, is
undertaken during leisure or free time.
Sport: is a human activity that involves administration and rules. Sport also involves competition, challenge, and
the use of certain skills. Also, any sport has a definite historical background.
Play: is a spontaneous and enjoyable activity that individuals engage in for its own sake. A child must
play to be able to learn.
Indicate the meaning of 'periodization' and mention the three main periods.
We use the term ``periodization'' in coaching to describe the division of a training programme into several
periods. Each period has a specific training objective. Most important aspect is to have the athlete fully
prepared and in a physical and mental state to perform at a level never previously achieved. Achieving optimum
performance at the right place and time is called ``peaking''. Planning for the year or season is done backwards.
You and the athlete must decide what, where and when major competitions will take place. Thereafter the start
of the training year should be decided. Training plans should be simple and flexible as the plan may be
modified according to the athlete's progress and improvements.
Three main periods
Preparation period: Concentrate on general all-round fitness rather than on specific training. Introduce new
skills, techniques and modify existing techniques. Concentrate on volume.
Competition: Volume is reduced - intensity increased. Training more related to competition. Keep level of
fitness.
Transition (active rest): Recovery after competition and encourages interest and general fitness through a
variety of activities.
What is your role as physical education teacher in the drug education of your learners? Explain.
• equip learners/ athletes with skills to make the right decisions (the correct decision being not to take
drugs)
• teach athletes to withstand the peer group pressures which could force them in the wrong direction
• emphasise short-term health and immediate social consequences
• emphasise the legal implications of taking drugs
• the coach should discourage young athletes from focusing on potential financial rewards, which tends to
encourage drug use.
• emphasise the financial loss involved in drug use (drugs are very expensive)
, Which methods can the physical education teacher use to help learners develop their full potential?
• great teaching method
• commanded style
• task method
• combined teaching
• indirect teaching
• guided discovery
• free exploration
Name five important aspects when counselling athletes who have experienced setbacks
• Accurate assessment
• Analysis of performance
• Athlete’s need to achieve success
• Motivation is key to improvement
• Need for commitment to programme
• Students must not be overstressed
• Factors influencing performance
• Awareness of athlete’s lifestyle
• Need for balanced lifestyle
• Role of the coach
Name and describe three different types of coaching style.
Irrespective of what jobs the coach is expected to undertake, how he or she carries them out may determine
the ultimate success. Coaching styles are very easily recognized by athletes and they can either help or hinder.
Authoritarian
• task orientated
• strict, disciplined
• coach makes all decisions
Cooperative
• athlete centered
• social and task objectives
• winning judged by athlete and coach
Casual
• no emphasis on any philosophy
• no specific coaching objective in mind
• decisions made by athletes
Briefly describe the effects of exercise on growth
• Exercise develops cardiorespiratory system; lung capacity will be increased, and heart strengthened.
• Muscles are enlarged, and strength increased.
• Exercise and, especially, flexibility reduce the risk of injury.
• Beware of heavy workloads for young athletes; growth areas are soft and can result in injuries.
• Results in a healthy outlook on life.
