CHAPTER 1
THE RISE OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY IN THE WEST
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER OUTLINE
I. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
II. The Spread of the Industrial Revolution
A. New Products and New Patterns
1. The Invention of Electricity
2. The Internal Combustion Engine
3. Trade and Manufacturing
III. The Emergence of a Mass Society
A. Social Structures
1. A New Middle Class
2. The Working Class
B. Changing Roles for Women
IV. Reaction and Revolution: The Decline of the Old Order
A. Liberalism and Nationalism
B. The Unification of Germany and Italy
C. Roots of Revolution in Russia
D. The Ottoman Empire and Nationalism in the Balkans
V. Liberalism Triumphant
A. The United States and Canada
, B. Tradition and Change in Latin America
1. The Emergence of Independent States
2. Problems of Economic Dependence
3. Social and Political Changes
VI. The Rise of the Socialist Movement
A. The Rise of Marxism
B. Capitalism in Transition
VII. Toward the Modern Consciousness: Intellectual and Cultural Developments
A. Developments in the Sciences: The Emergence of a New Physics
B. Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution
C. Sigmund Freud and the Emergence of Psychoanalysis
D. Literature and the Arts: the Culture of Modernity
VIII. Conclusion
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, the student should have an understanding of:
1. the causes which led to the Industrial Revolution in England, and the consequences of
industrialization on English society;
2. the extent to which English and German norms became the standard for industrialization
in Europe;
3. who benefits and who suffers when industrialization is introduced to a society;
,4. the importance of industrialism in the process of globalization;
5. the role industrialization in the creation of contemporary mass society;
6. the effect of industrialization on women and children;
7. the importance of the rise of Feminism;
8. the consequences of the ideology of Nationalism for aspiring nations and established
empires;
9. the impact of nineteenth century Liberalism on Western society;
10. the theories and actions of Karl Marx and his influence Western society in the
nineteenth century;
11. the impact of the ideas of Charles Darwin both in the scientific realm and also in society
as a whole;
12. the major intellectual ideas which shaped the modern world, including the contributions
of Planck, Einstein, and Freud;
13. the influence of the concept of Modernity in the arts, and knowledge of specific
Modernist works.
POSSIBLE CLASS LECTURE/DISCUSSION TOPICS
, 1. Compare pre-industrial English society, “the world we have lost,” with urban and factory
Britain, ca. 1850, noting what had changed radically and what perhaps still endured from
that earlier era.
2. Discuss the advantages England had in its industrial development during the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and compare those factors with those of one or
more of today’s third world countries and their quest for economic prosperity.
3. Discuss patterns of industrialization from West-East across the European continent, with
emphasis on the difficulties faced by multinational/multiethnic empires.
4. Examine the geographic, social, and political aspects which contributed to the enormous
success of America’s industrialization during the nineteenth century.
5. Trace the changing status of women in the nineteenth century, including their role in the
family, in the workplace, and in society as a whole.
6. Offer short biographies of influential women, starting with Olympe de Gouge, and
comparing Emmeline Pankhurst with Susan B. Anthony.
7. Examine the ideology of nationalism as a new religious alternative to the traditional
religions of the West, noting both the positive and the negative impacts on nineteenth
century society.
8. Compare and contrast liberal/civic nationalism as a French model with Romantic/ethnic
nationalism according to the German model. Discuss the effect of nationalism on multi-
ethnic empires.
9. Discuss nineteenth century liberalism, using Great Britain as the major paradigm,
comparing British liberalism with liberalism in other Western countries such as France and
America. Discuss the differences between economic and political liberalism.
THE RISE OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY IN THE WEST
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER OUTLINE
I. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
II. The Spread of the Industrial Revolution
A. New Products and New Patterns
1. The Invention of Electricity
2. The Internal Combustion Engine
3. Trade and Manufacturing
III. The Emergence of a Mass Society
A. Social Structures
1. A New Middle Class
2. The Working Class
B. Changing Roles for Women
IV. Reaction and Revolution: The Decline of the Old Order
A. Liberalism and Nationalism
B. The Unification of Germany and Italy
C. Roots of Revolution in Russia
D. The Ottoman Empire and Nationalism in the Balkans
V. Liberalism Triumphant
A. The United States and Canada
, B. Tradition and Change in Latin America
1. The Emergence of Independent States
2. Problems of Economic Dependence
3. Social and Political Changes
VI. The Rise of the Socialist Movement
A. The Rise of Marxism
B. Capitalism in Transition
VII. Toward the Modern Consciousness: Intellectual and Cultural Developments
A. Developments in the Sciences: The Emergence of a New Physics
B. Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution
C. Sigmund Freud and the Emergence of Psychoanalysis
D. Literature and the Arts: the Culture of Modernity
VIII. Conclusion
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading this chapter, the student should have an understanding of:
1. the causes which led to the Industrial Revolution in England, and the consequences of
industrialization on English society;
2. the extent to which English and German norms became the standard for industrialization
in Europe;
3. who benefits and who suffers when industrialization is introduced to a society;
,4. the importance of industrialism in the process of globalization;
5. the role industrialization in the creation of contemporary mass society;
6. the effect of industrialization on women and children;
7. the importance of the rise of Feminism;
8. the consequences of the ideology of Nationalism for aspiring nations and established
empires;
9. the impact of nineteenth century Liberalism on Western society;
10. the theories and actions of Karl Marx and his influence Western society in the
nineteenth century;
11. the impact of the ideas of Charles Darwin both in the scientific realm and also in society
as a whole;
12. the major intellectual ideas which shaped the modern world, including the contributions
of Planck, Einstein, and Freud;
13. the influence of the concept of Modernity in the arts, and knowledge of specific
Modernist works.
POSSIBLE CLASS LECTURE/DISCUSSION TOPICS
, 1. Compare pre-industrial English society, “the world we have lost,” with urban and factory
Britain, ca. 1850, noting what had changed radically and what perhaps still endured from
that earlier era.
2. Discuss the advantages England had in its industrial development during the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and compare those factors with those of one or
more of today’s third world countries and their quest for economic prosperity.
3. Discuss patterns of industrialization from West-East across the European continent, with
emphasis on the difficulties faced by multinational/multiethnic empires.
4. Examine the geographic, social, and political aspects which contributed to the enormous
success of America’s industrialization during the nineteenth century.
5. Trace the changing status of women in the nineteenth century, including their role in the
family, in the workplace, and in society as a whole.
6. Offer short biographies of influential women, starting with Olympe de Gouge, and
comparing Emmeline Pankhurst with Susan B. Anthony.
7. Examine the ideology of nationalism as a new religious alternative to the traditional
religions of the West, noting both the positive and the negative impacts on nineteenth
century society.
8. Compare and contrast liberal/civic nationalism as a French model with Romantic/ethnic
nationalism according to the German model. Discuss the effect of nationalism on multi-
ethnic empires.
9. Discuss nineteenth century liberalism, using Great Britain as the major paradigm,
comparing British liberalism with liberalism in other Western countries such as France and
America. Discuss the differences between economic and political liberalism.
