This aesthetic, engaging and in-depth digital summary of the Genetics section: of the Grade 12 IEB syllabus - is sure to help you grasp a clear understanding of the topic as well as aid you to excel in your next test or exam!
controllingsynthesisofproteins ca
adenine
By enzymes thymineit S T nucleotide
controllingallchemprocessesinsidecells avanineca ngmbnise
i theycontrol cc
cytosine p msn.mn
thestructureandfunctioningofliving orgs
doublehelix
2
Iiac.n .outerzstrands
t Crna
t.IE i acid
ribonucleic
formedbychainofalternatingsugar
phosphatelinks
bondsbetweensugar andphosphate strong
RIBONUCLEICACIDDNA
Deoxy rungs pairsofbuseslinkbyweakenedhydrogenbonds
D Mauricewilkins RosalindFranklin baseattachedtosugarmolecules
outstructureofDnabyusingxraycrystallography
worked
D crick Jameswatson
Francis nowthe4pairslinkup
shape sizeofbasesdiffer
analysedx
raydata cavendishinstitute cambridge
anddiscoveredshapeofnacids
model
built
twistedladder zrunners andsugars
madeofphosphates by 2 hydrogenbonds
seriesofrungs
madeofbase
pairs cytosinebondswithguanine by3hydrogenbonds
crick sydneyBrenner
Francis A T or A V or C a
geneticproofthatatripletcodewasusedinreadingDna
geneticmaterialinDna
andtransferringthisinformation
nucleus cytoplasm viarnatowhereproteinmade
sequenceofbasesinDNAformscode bywhichgenetic
prize
1962 Nobelpeace forphysiologymedicines
Watson crick wilkins
wheredoesDnacomefrom o 4nucleotidesarethesameforallanimals
mainlyinnucleuswhereitformspt ofchromosomesthat whatmakesdifference sequencethenucleotidesarein
RNAthistoneproteinsasfoundinanoncell Dna polymer
i
i
Dnamoleculecoiledtofitinsidenucleusammornwaincell nucleotide monomer
whatisextracellularDna
smallaminoacidsofDnaarefoundoutsidethenucleus roleofDna
nowto
instructsthecell
growsurvive replicate
HowisDNAmadeup carryhereditaryinfoineachcellintheformotgenes
doublehelixshape GenessectionofDnawhichcontainsinstructionsformaking
a Dnamoleculeisapolymer Rnamolecules proteingivesaminoacidsequence
zstrandstwist stable 3dimensionaldoublehelix forproteinsynthesis
code
polymer longchainmadeofmonomers nucleotides canreplicatesothatthecopyofgeneticinfoispassed
nucleotides molecules
deoxyribose sugar s toeachdaughtercellduringmitosis
phosphatemolecule P gencode pass
generation hereditaryinfogenes
nitrogenousbases AT a c Dna proteinsynthesis
canreplicate
, RIBONUCLEICACIDRNA
dk Fff4ttntcodeforproteins madeinnucleusbyDna involvedinproteinsynthesis
exons regionsof a Dna
coding
protein molecule structureofRNA
Thichisinterrupted x polymer madeofnucleotides
by
introns arenoncodingregions inbetweenexons x strandissingular
moreprominentincomplexorgs x strandis shorterthanDna differences
formsfunctionalRnamolecule x sugar ribose
x 4nitrogenousbases u uracil replaces t
Replication Adenine Guanine
TheprocessofmakingnewDnamoleculefroman 4 cytosine a uracil
existingDNAmoleculethatsidenticaltooriginalmolecule
occursinnucleusduringinterphase FunctionofRNA
ensuresgeneticcodeis passedontoeachnew o carriesinstructionsfromDnainnucleustoribosomes
cell madebymitosis
daughter necessary incytoplasmofcellwhereitcontrolssynthesisof
fromaminoacids
proteins
Howdoesreplicationtakeplace
similaritiestoDNA
by
processcatalysed enzyme Dnapolymerase
Doublehelixunwinds man it'd 1 bothmadeofpolymers
weakHbondsholdingbasepairstogetherbreak nucleotidesw asugarphosphate nitrogenousbase
nowthezstrandsseperatelunzip 4nitrogenousbases
chainofbases exposed
eachsingle 2 bothresponsibleforproteinsynthesis
Freenucleotidesinnucleoplasmbetweenattachedto
theirmatching exposedbasepartners DNA RNA
sequenceofbasesindaughter Dnaisidenticaltoparents
becauseaonly Handleonly a inDna bases a act a auc
strand doublestrand singlestrand
structure ar u
sugar deoxyribose oxyribose
location nuclear l nuclear
mitochondria cytoplasmic
lifetime long short
process transcription translation
types nuclearDNA mRNA
mtDNA tRNA
rRNA
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