Summary
Summary Psy114: Cognitive Psych Attention Language Memory
All notes from lectures and textbook readings.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
Content preview
C o g n i t i v e P s y c h o l o g yKey Processes In Memory
WEEKs 10-11 → Chapter 6, 7
3 Sequential Processes to memory:
1. Encoding
2. Storage
3. Retrieval
3 Questions:
1. How does info get into the memory?
→ Like a scanner or copier, we have to encode information into a language that
our brain can understand.
2. How is that info stored & maintained in memory?
→ Like hard drives in PC's the information is stored for later use.
3. How is the stored information retrieved/pulled back out of memory?
→ Like a computer monitor, retrieving info to display, we too call up information
to display in various forms, ex: talking, thinking, moving etc
1. Encoding: Getting information into Memory
- Forming a memory code:
- Encoding = forming a memory code from stimuli.
- Role of attention in memory:
- Attention = focus on a narrowed range of stimuli
- Attention → crucial to memory → memory negatively affected by
inattention.
- Attention is necessary but there are differences in how you attend
to sth. (ex: driving in car w/ music while talking to a friend → more
focussed on convo than music, more focussed on music than foot
on clutch → these differences in attending affect how well we
remember things & form the levels of processing theory.
- People attend to verbal information at 3 progressively deeper levels of
processing:
1. Structural encoding
2. Phonemic encoding
3. Semantic encoding
- In processing theory: most basic type = Structural Encoding
1. Structural Encoding = shallow processing that emphasizes the
physical structure of a stimulus (ex: encoding the shapes that
form letters in the alphabet)
2. Phonemic Encoding = emphasizes what a word sounds like (ex:
reading aloud or to oneself.
1
, 3. Semantic Encoding = emphasizes the meaning of verbal input and
requires thinking about the content and actions that the words
represent (ex: understanding the meaning of an argument or
words in an article)
Structural, phenomic and semantic encoding do NOT cover all options of
forming memory.
Ways to improve encoding:
1. Elaboration - linking stimulus to other info at time of encoding,
often involves linking examples and self coding examples work
best (ex: studying phobias for psychology, relate this to your own
fear of spiders)
2. Visual Imagery - imagery or creation of visual imagery to
represent words (much easier to visualize concrete words (‘jugular’
easier to visualize than ‘truth’)
Dual coding theory = memory is enhanced by forming semantic or
visual codes (either can lead to recall)
3. Self-referent encoding = involves deciding how or whether
information is personally relevant (information that is personally
meaningful is more relevant to us) /making materials personally
meaningful
4. Motivation to remember = higher motivation at time of encoding
leads to greater recall.
2. Storage: Maintaining Information in Memory
Sensory Memory / Short-term Memory / Long-Term Memory
Information Processing Theories:
- Different models of memory
- How do we organise and store information over time? Answered by
→ Atkinson and Shiffrin’s memory model
- Atkinson & Shiffrin proposed memory is made up of 3 memory
storages:
- Not to actually be viewed as anatomical structures in the brain,
but rather a metaphor for functionally distinct types of memory.
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller jodieellenberger. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R120,00. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53022 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy summaries for 14 years now