Points and short paragraphs on the emergence of the State and its features. The summary further unpacks the origins of the State and how the State is viewed in the International Relations Arena/ Global community.
How did states come about?
Based on the Treaty of Westphalia: (1648)
The Treaty of Westphalia is a treaty that ended the 30-year war of religion also known as
the sectarian war. The peace negotiation leading to the treaty brought together several
European powers emperors kings and Queens.
Features of the Treaty:
- The treaty was created on the basis of the settlement of international disputes by
diplomatic means.
- Meaning that disputes were settled without war in relation to foreign policy. (this is
a perspective that has been challenged by realists, refer to previous notes to expand
your knowledge on realism)
- The treaty promoted the coexistence of states.
- it further prohibited the invasion of one country by another and ensured the
recognition and established territories of States and their territorial entity therefore
recognizing the sovereignty of states.
- due to the treaty emerging from of a war of religion it was established that
individuals have religious liberty, giving citizens the right to determine the religion of
their choice.
According to the Treaty of Westphalia a state is sovereign and has its own territory,
population and government.
The state can be viewed in 2 ways in international relations.
1. State as a government:
- There is an authority within a given territory with the three main arms of
government (executive legislature and judiciary)
- The state has coercive or authority which is what the state uses to compile its
citizens to act in a certain way.
Example the police.
2. State as a territorial entity / geographical expression
- Has recognized boundaries, population/ citizens and sovereignty.
Origins of the state (5 theories)
- Social theory is steadfast in the belief that humans have the natural
inclination to live with people as social beings, family and community.
- the Patrilineal and Matrilineal theory traces the origin of the state leader to
the family
- Force theory believes that states emerge through conquest therefore states
must be fought for and those who are defeated do not own the state.
- Divine theory believes that the state is instituted by God and therefore the
head of that state is an extension and representative of God.
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