This document details different levels of life, what Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes are and their differences along with protoplasm and different types of solutions.
Ecosystems
Community
Population
Organisms
Organs
Tissues
Cells <---------------- Anything below is not living, cells are the entry level for living organisms
Macromolecules
Molecules
Atoms
- Cytology is the branch of biology and medicine concerned with the structure and function of plant
and animal cells.
- Histology is the study of tissue
Cell Discovery History
1665 - Robert Hooke (using a microscope, was the first to visualize a microorganism)
1674 - Aton van Leeuwenhoek: observes tiny living organisms in the pond water.
1838 - Matthias Scheiden: Concludes that all plants are made of cells.
1839 - Theodor Schwann: Concludes that all animals are made up of cells.
1855 - Rudolph Virchow: All cells come from existing cells. - Cell theory
1970 - Lynn Margulis: Said that certain organelles, tiny structures within some cells, were once
free-living cells themselves.
- Prokaryotes are organisms made up of cells that lack a cell nucleus or any membrane-enclosed
organelles
- Eukaryotes are organisms made up of cells that possess a membrane-bound nucleus that holds
genetic material as well as membrane-bound organelles.
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Cells are either Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic
Difference between Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes Cells
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
- No membrane bound nucleus - Membrane bound nucleus
- No membrane bound organelles - Membrane bound organelles
(Compartmentalisation)
- Cell size ranges from 0.5um to 100um - Cell size ranges from 10um - 150um
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