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Career roles explain how individuals apply their career identity in order to achieve their career
goals and explain how career significance influences the attainment of career positions. Briefly
describe, in your own words, the various career roles and their motives. Reflect on your current
job role and explain which career role you identify with? In your answer, briefly explain what
significance your current career role adds to the company or organisation.
Career roles can be defined as stable and repetitive patterns of functioning in the work context that are
independent of specific jobs and levels of functioning. Carrying out a role has been referred to as role
enactment (Hoekstra, 2011; De Jong et al., 2014). Career role enactment can thus be seen as the
behavioral manifestation of occupying certain career roles (i.e., the actual engaging in these roles).
The Career Roles Model identifies six different career roles. These roles are based on the systematic
combination of three classes of individual motives that drive people in their work and two organizational
themes that guide organizations.
A career role that is preferred is seen as more fitting to the self and more attractive and desirable than a
career role that is not preferred. Thus, whereas a career role preference concerns the extent to which
individuals like to see themselves in a certain light, career role enactment concerns the performing of
acts that are associated with that role.
The six resulting roles are (1) the Maker role; (2) the Expert role; (3) the Presenter role; (4) the Guide
role; (5) the Director role; and (6) the Inspirer role. According to the Career Roles Model, these six roles
are the building blocks of individual careers and potentially attainable in most jobs with at least some
employee autonomy (Hoekstra, 2011).
First, the Maker role can be characterized by the striving for personal goals such as individual mastery
and success. The role has a strong emphasis on autonomy and independence (Hoekstra, 2011). People
that occupy the Maker role do well in an environment with clear guidelines and task descriptions.
The Expert role is also characterized by personal goal setting, with a strong emphasis on independent
agency. Additionally, the Expert role is considered to be accompanied by a natural eagerness to
explore. People in the Expert role therefore typically engage in problem solving behavior (Hoekstra,
2011). Because Conscientiousness stimulates in people a preference for tasks in which they may
demonstrate the will to achieve, we expect that Conscientiousness will also related to a preference for
and subsequent enactment of the Expert role (Wille et al., 2012).
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