Bonent Reveiw Section VIII Water Treatment
Microbiological
Inorganic
Organic - Answer- The main group(s) of water contamminants is (are)
Patient exposure to water is 25 times greater - Answer- Water can be considered safe for drinking, but not necessarily safe for dialysis treatment because the
True - Answer- Aluminum, fluoride, and chloramine chemicals are added by municipalities to drinking water supplies
Impurities and toxins can foul dialysis machines.
Patients are exposed to a large amount of water.
Impurities may enter the blood through the dialyzer and can cause toxicity.
Calcium and magnesium can cause a hard water syndrome. - Answer- What are reasons for water treatment in dialysis units
Hemolysis - Answer- Chloramine exposure during hemodialysis may cause
True - Answer- Softening is defined as the exchange of calcium and magnesium ions for sodium ions.
True - Answer- During softening, sodium levels are increased in proportion to the amount of calcium And magnesium removed
Shall not exceed 200 cfu/mL - Answer- According to AAMI standards, the total microbial
count of water use to prepare dialysate
Shall not exceed 200 cfu/mL - Answer- According to AAMI standards the total microbial count for dialysate
Monthly - Answer- According to AAMI standards bacteriological testing for water and dialysate should be done
Yearly - Answer- According to AAMI standards when water purification devices are used
testing for chemical contamminants in the water should be done at least
Subtracting free chloramine from total chlorine - Answer- Testing for chloramine levels in a dialysis unit is done by
True - Answer- Chloroform and reactive agents such as hypochloride are the main contaminants removed by carbon absorption 10 minutes - Answer- According to AAMI to remove chloramines effectively, the minimum empty bed contact time EBCT in the carbon tank is at least
Cellulose membrane - Answer- Bleach can be used to disinfect the system
Polyamide membrane - Answer- Tolerance of a wide pH range
Thin film composites membrane - Answer- Subject to degradation by oxidants (such as free chlorine)
Decreases - Answer- As the total dissolved solids (TDS) contents of the water increases, the product water recovery
Fever,chill - Answer- Bacterial exposure from water may cause what symptoms
Bacteria - Answer- What can be removed by filtration
Absorption - Answer- Carbon tanks work on the principle of
Multimedia filtration - Answer- The filter that removes particulates from the water is called
To inhibit proliferation of algae - Answer- Sediment filtration should have an opaque housing
Discourage bacterial colonization - Answer- A minimum flow velocity of 1.5 ft/sec through the feed line is needed to
Dialy with audio and visual alarms - Answer- The correct frequency and method of monitoring exhaust levels for DI tanks are
1 megohm-cm - Answer- The minimum required resistivity measurement for a DI tank is
Cations and anions - Answer- A mixed-bed deionizer tank contains
0.500 ppm - Answer- One megohm is equivalent to an ionic concentration of
Sensitivity - Answer- The minimum amount of endotoxin that will cause a LAL preparation to clot is called the LAL
Negative - Answer- If the LAL has a sensitivity of 0.25EU/mL and the unknown sample contains 0.5 EU/mL a test of the undiluted sample would be positive. If the diluted sample is diluted four fold so that it now contains 1/4 the original endotoxin, the test for the 1:4 dilution result would be
Microbiological
Inorganic
Organic - Answer- The main group(s) of water contamminants is (are)
Patient exposure to water is 25 times greater - Answer- Water can be considered safe for drinking, but not necessarily safe for dialysis treatment because the
True - Answer- Aluminum, fluoride, and chloramine chemicals are added by municipalities to drinking water supplies
Impurities and toxins can foul dialysis machines.
Patients are exposed to a large amount of water.
Impurities may enter the blood through the dialyzer and can cause toxicity.
Calcium and magnesium can cause a hard water syndrome. - Answer- What are reasons for water treatment in dialysis units
Hemolysis - Answer- Chloramine exposure during hemodialysis may cause
True - Answer- Softening is defined as the exchange of calcium and magnesium ions for sodium ions.
True - Answer- During softening, sodium levels are increased in proportion to the amount of calcium And magnesium removed
Shall not exceed 200 cfu/mL - Answer- According to AAMI standards, the total microbial
count of water use to prepare dialysate
Shall not exceed 200 cfu/mL - Answer- According to AAMI standards the total microbial count for dialysate
Monthly - Answer- According to AAMI standards bacteriological testing for water and dialysate should be done
Yearly - Answer- According to AAMI standards when water purification devices are used
testing for chemical contamminants in the water should be done at least
Subtracting free chloramine from total chlorine - Answer- Testing for chloramine levels in a dialysis unit is done by
True - Answer- Chloroform and reactive agents such as hypochloride are the main contaminants removed by carbon absorption 10 minutes - Answer- According to AAMI to remove chloramines effectively, the minimum empty bed contact time EBCT in the carbon tank is at least
Cellulose membrane - Answer- Bleach can be used to disinfect the system
Polyamide membrane - Answer- Tolerance of a wide pH range
Thin film composites membrane - Answer- Subject to degradation by oxidants (such as free chlorine)
Decreases - Answer- As the total dissolved solids (TDS) contents of the water increases, the product water recovery
Fever,chill - Answer- Bacterial exposure from water may cause what symptoms
Bacteria - Answer- What can be removed by filtration
Absorption - Answer- Carbon tanks work on the principle of
Multimedia filtration - Answer- The filter that removes particulates from the water is called
To inhibit proliferation of algae - Answer- Sediment filtration should have an opaque housing
Discourage bacterial colonization - Answer- A minimum flow velocity of 1.5 ft/sec through the feed line is needed to
Dialy with audio and visual alarms - Answer- The correct frequency and method of monitoring exhaust levels for DI tanks are
1 megohm-cm - Answer- The minimum required resistivity measurement for a DI tank is
Cations and anions - Answer- A mixed-bed deionizer tank contains
0.500 ppm - Answer- One megohm is equivalent to an ionic concentration of
Sensitivity - Answer- The minimum amount of endotoxin that will cause a LAL preparation to clot is called the LAL
Negative - Answer- If the LAL has a sensitivity of 0.25EU/mL and the unknown sample contains 0.5 EU/mL a test of the undiluted sample would be positive. If the diluted sample is diluted four fold so that it now contains 1/4 the original endotoxin, the test for the 1:4 dilution result would be
