COMM MISC QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS MODULE 5.

COMM MISC QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS MODULE 5. 1.) When we communicate successfully and stimulate meanings in the minds of others, we achieve: Compromise Agreement Understanding Persuasion 2.) We attempt to communicate effectively in order… to ensure that all of the people we meet like us personally. to be more competitive in the job market. to be able to persuade anyone we meet. to manage communication challenges, create personal opportunities, make better decisions, and make meaningful connections with others. 3.) Which of the following is NOT one of the primary challenges of communication? The intellectual and psychological resources required Our diverse world with many different sociocultural situations Our reliance on digital mediated communication Our desire to persuade others 4.) Which of the following is necessary in order for an individual to communicate effectively? The ability to use an extensive vocabulary The ability to know how to package and deliver a message The ability to speak eloquently and with confidence. Which of the following is a result of over-reliance on new media to communicate? We can become overloaded with information and unable to process and respond to all of the messages we are exposed to. We are able to have more meaningful conversations, more often. We can communicate with people anywhere in the world, just as though they were with in person. Which of the following is not a component of the linear model of communication? Sender Feedback Channel Encoding One problem with the linear model of communication is: the linear model is too slow for instantaneous communication in the digital age. the linear model does not account for multiple people in the audience. many messages, whether because of the sender’s or receiver’s situations, are ambiguous and can be interpreted multiple ways. there are some messages so simple that there is nothing for a receiver to decode. The transactional model of communication accounts for the relationships among individuals who communicate, meaning that... the way individuals package or present a message changes based on whether they have a formal, friendly, or intimate relationship with the person they are communicating with. it recognizes that people only really want to communicate with someone close to them. people do not vary or repackage a message, regardless of who they are communicating with. people will be more likely to agree in order to preserve the relationship. Which of the following best explain why the transactional model of communication is more realistic than the linear model? It does not see communication as simple and moving in one direction. It takes any communication as dependent on multiple factors, including context, relationship between communicators, and the medium of communication. It allows for the possibility of a communicator using multiple channels. A, B, and C. If you are aware of the people involved, your intended communication goal, the nature of the environment, and the physical setting of the interaction, then you are practicing which part of communication competence? You are motivated to communicate. You are actively building and developing your communication skills. You are aware of the appropriateness of certain communication in a particular context. In order to build and strengthen your communication skills, you must: Make sure you are motivated to communicate with others. Analyze and reflect on any feedback or outcome of your past interactions with others. Make sure that you have the attention of the person you are communicating with. Always seek out arguments to have with people, even if you do not care about the issue. MODULE 2: As you’re walking to class, another student runs by and bumps into you. He is wearing jeans and a sweatshirt and shoving papers into his backpack as he goes. You assume that he is probably late to class. What stage of perception helped you come to that conclusion? Selection Organization Interpretation You walk into a grocery store and notice the aisles are messy. The fruit and vegetables smell rotten. And the music over the intercom has moments of static. You perceive the grocery store as not the best grocery store in town and decide to not come back. What factors allowed you to come to this conclusion? Biological factors Current internal states Identity Past experiences This example shows how biological factors can influence a person’s sensory perceptions of their environment. Julia knows that she is one of the strongest students in her undergraduate trigonometry class; she always gets high test scores and other students approach her for tutoring assistance. However, she worries about whether she has what it takes to complete a doctorate in mathematics and feels intimidated by the graduate students she has met, even though her professors encourage her to pursue graduate studies. Which of the following statements best describes Julia? Julia has a clear self-concept, but her self-esteem is low. Julia has a strong sense of self-concept and a healthy self-esteem. Julia has a poor understanding of her self-concept and low self-esteem. Julia has no sense of self-concept or self-esteem. Michael is attending his friend Brian’s dinner party, where many of Brian’s co-workers will be in attendance. Brian has a PhD in Religious Studies and teaches at the local university, while Michael is an aircraft mechanic. Which of the following actions would demonstrate that Michael has a strong sense of self-concept? Michael feels self-conscious about his educational level and feels that he might be judged. He chooses to remain quiet for most of the evening. Michael jumps into conversation with Brian’s department head, John, and learns that he has a pilot’s license and is trying to buy a single-engine aircraft. Michael is guarded in his conversation with Brian’s co-workers and avoids discussing himself to focus on asking them about their work. Susan recently started a pet-sitting service, and her business is thriving. Susan’s friend, Lara, thinks that her success is due to pure luck and the fact that most of Susan’s clients are close friends. What is one possible error in Lara’s perception of Susan’s ability? Fundamental attribution Self-serving bias Locus of causation Stereotype Charles is in the waiting room at the doctor’s office. He can hear the doctor berating another patient about her weight. Will this have an impact on impression management? Yes No You had the opportunity to meet the CEO of the company that you want to work for at a networking social. You were nervous and made a few inappropriate remarks and can see by the look on his face that you’ve blown it. According to the process for developing effective self-presentation, once you have identified your negative perception, what is the next step? Create a strategy Execute the strategy Set a goal Modify negative perceptions Once you have identified the negative perception and you choose to modify it, your next step is to work through the process again by setting a new goal. Which of the following factors influencing perception might affect a doctor who has been working a 48-hour shift with few meals and few breaks? Past experiences Identity Biological Current internal states Correct. The lack of sleep and food may affect the doctor’s perception of stimuli. Making evaluations about yourself is known as Self-esteem Self-concept Incorrect. Self-concept is how you define yourself. Self-esteem allows you to make evaluations about yourself. Which of the following situations does NOT reflect high self-esteem? Ryan tries out for many of the sports teams at school, despite not making some of them because he’s not as good as the other players. Beth finds it difficult to talk to people in new social settings and does not make good eye contact. Mary has stopped being friends with a more popular crowd, because they were not treating her the way a friend should be treated. Correct. Beth is demonstrating low self-esteem by allowing her shyness to dominate her interactions with new people. You failed your final exam because the teacher made the questions too difficult. Is this an example of self-serving bias or fundamental attribution error? Self-serving bias Fundamental attribution error Correct. When we fail, we rarely blame our shortcomings on internal characteristics, such as not studying enough for an exam. Instead, we blame our failures on external situations. Which one of the following definitions of impression management is most accurate? Impression management is the use of verbal and nonverbal messages in order shape others’ perceptions of the speaker. Impression management is taking a natural and spontaneous approach to communication. Impression management is the ability to make others think you are someone that you are not. Impression management is the ability to persuade others to agree with you. Correct. It is the thoughtful and deliberate use of verbal and nonverbal language. Which one of the following examples best illustrates the process for developing effective self- presentation? Ava identifies her goals, plans a strategy, carries out her plan, and evaluates it. Patrice allows the other participants to control the interaction, so she is not perceived as overbearing and aggressive. Marcos emulates other effective speakers and then incorporates specific nonverbal messages into his interactions with other participants. Ted reflects on past interactions and then executes strategies he felt were effective. Correct. Ava thinks through her plan beforehand, executes it, and then later assesses it. Module 3: Anita went to Iran and refused to wear a head covering as all the other women in the country do. Which of the following guidelines is she not adhering to? Use labels and generalizations with caution. Attempt to be more tolerant of ambiguity. Prepare for travel by learning about the culture you will visit. Adapt to the norms of your host culture. Correct. Anita needs to be flexible and willing to adapt to the practices of other cultures. She should always look to members of her host group to determine what behavior is and is not acceptable. You are attending a friend’s traditional Indian wedding. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate in order to handle this intercultural event? Before you leave for the wedding, you do a great deal of research on Indian weddings and traditions. very uncomfortable doing this, so you refuse to take part in the dance. Your friend is very hurt. Because you have never attended an Indian wedding, you decide to keep an open mind about the unfamiliar wedding. Your friend's uncle is seated next to you at dinner. He spends the entire night name-dropping and boasting about his many academic degrees and professional titles. While you find this difficult to listen to, you act in a polite and respectful way. Correct. When you are confronted with new and perhaps even strange situations, be sure to relax, look for cues about what is appropriate from people who are more experienced than you, and be affable with others. If you are a woman living in or visiting the Arab country of Qatar, do not interact with men in social settings. Is Qatar a masculine or feminine culture? Feminine Masculine Correct. Interacting with the opposite sex is not allowed in many Middle Eastern countries, such as Qatar. Masculine cultures have differentiated gender roles and are characterized by power, assertiveness and performance. Representative cultures include Arab cultures, Austria, Germany, Italy, and Venezuela. In Hawaii, children are expected to take care of younger siblings, respect their elders, and contribute to family chores. Is this a culture representative of individualism or collectivism? Individualism Collectivism Correct. Members of a culture that values collectivism value their membership in their particular in- group to such an extent that they place a greater importance on their role within the group than their role as an individual. While in France, it is acceptable to talk about social rank and occupational status. Is France a high power or low power distance culture? Low power High power Correct. Placing a great deal of value on rank is indicative of high power cultures. Your company plans to send you to Beijing to meet with several new clients. Before you leave, your boss tells you to prepare for the intercultural situations you may encounter on your trip. Which of the following statements is FALSE? If you have preexisting biases of the Asian culture, it is not necessary to let go of these biases. Be sure to avoid small talk while eating as those living in some Asian countries do not like to converse during meals. Keep in mind that it is crucial to always adapt to the practices of another culture. It is important to understand that touching anyone in your meetings may be considered offensive. Correct. If you have preexisting biases of the Asian culture, it is necessary to let go of these biases. Intercultural situations that feel foreign to you can occur on a trip to Qatar, a visit to an Amish village or a sorority meeting. False True Correct. These are all situations that you may find yourself in with no reference for how to behave or what to say. If you have a negative bias against polychronic cultures, be open to setting these biases aside. True False Correct. If you have preexisting biases about any group, work to set these aside so that you do not label an entire group. If you're visiting Hawaii—where removing shoes in a home is a sign of respect—do not feel as if this practice applies to you. True False Correct. To succeed in intercultural cultures, you should always follow the practices of the culture. British anthropologist Edward B. Tylor first introduced the concept of culture in the 1800s. How is today’s society different? The features and patterns of common life are more significantly differentiated based on many things, including geography, education, careers, and social status. In the 1800s, there were a large number of educated individuals and very few industrial workers. Today’s societies are less complex and diverse than they were in Tylor’s time. Correct. Today’s contemporary American society is more significantly differentiated based on numerous cultural features, themes, and patterns. Which of the following statements about the role of culture in communication is correct? Communicators in masculine cultures emphasize their expertise and speak assertively. High context communicators do not rely on environmental cues and struggle to grasp what is being communicated. Polychronic individuals have a difficult time leaving work early to attend a family function or work on a weekend. Correct. Masculine cultures value achievement, competitiveness, direct communication, and a forceful demeanor. Which of the following statements on co-cultures is NOT correct? One’s affiliation as a Hispanic American is not an example of one’s co-culture. Co-cultures are smaller groups within the general culture. Co-cultures can have an influence on how we spend our time and money. Correct. Co-cultures are smaller groups within the general culture that cater to the unique interests and beliefs of a certain group. An example would be an affiliation as a Hispanic American. Due to the large population of Vietnamese Americans living in California, it is very important for individuals from other cultures to understand the cultural attributes of Vietnamese Americans. In the Vietnamese-American culture, direct eye contact is encouraged and a smile is an appropriate expression for “thank you.” Does this describe high context or low context communication? Low Context High Context Correct. High-context communicators often use nonverbal messages to convey messages. Visitors to a religious shrine might not speak of their deep faith, but their silence serves as . high-context communication. low-context communication. Correct. High-context communicators use nonverbal cues to convey awareness of an environment. Which of the following strategies would be effective for ensuring competent intercultural communication prior to visiting another country? Visit the U.S. State Department website to conduct research. Reflect on and confirm your pre-existing biases regarding the host culture. Look for cues about appropriate behavior and adapt to the norms of the host culture. Incorrect. Prior to visiting the country, you should conduct research on the cultural norms by visiting the U.S. State Department website. While visiting friends in Japan, Janice removes her shoes prior to entering a home to show respect to the host. Which of the following strategies of competent intercultural communication is Janet exemplifying in this scenario? Conduct research on your host culture. Adapt to the norms of the host culture. Set pre-existing biases aside. Correct. Look for cues in behavior to determine what is appropriate and adapt to the norms of the host culture. Which of the following is NOT one of the primary characteristics of culture and co-cultural memberships affecting human communication? masculinity and femininity Individualism and collectivism power and lack of power Correct. One of the five primary characteristics is low power distance and high power distance. Members of cultures with a high power distance orientation are unlikely to question the actions of people with a lot of power. In low power distance cultures, people tend to communicate in ways that promote equality and diminish the barriers between people. Which of the following is a true statement about the dimensions of culture? People of monochronic cultures tend to like doing one thing at a time. Polychronic people tend to like working on multiple things at one time. Members of individualistic cultures take care of one another, avoid competition with other group members, and collaborate with respect and deference. In high power distance cultures, people tend to communicate in ways that promote equality and diminish the barriers of status and rank. Correct. Monochronic people rarely cancel plans, tend to be very structured in their use of time and time lines, and can be highly irritated by interruptions or delays. Polychronic people are flexible in terms of starting times for appointments and deadlines. They change plans and priorities easily, and the border between work or professional time and family or personal time is fluid for them. Which of the following best describes a co-culture? We can only identify with one co-culture. Examples of co-cultures in the U.S. include Southerners, college students, engineers, the Amish, Denver Broncos fans, Mormons, artists, Marines, and pet owners. Our co-cultural memberships don’t affect the way we approach dating, marriage, friendship, and relationships with people at work. Correct. Co-cultures reflect the unique beliefs, ways of thinking, communication patterns and styles, and customs of members of particular groups that exist within the umbrella culture. Intercultural communication skills are now more important than ever because of . globalization ethnocentrism Correct. Globalization has enabled businesses and organizations to collaborate globally through improvements in technology and transportation, which has led to more awareness of cultural differences. Within a feminine culture, it is acceptable for both men and women to be egotistical and success-oriented. competitive and assertive. supportive and relationship-oriented. Incorrect. Feminine cultures are focused on equality, consensus, and quality of working lives. Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one’s own culture and lifestyle are superior to all others. Which of the following is UNTRUE of ethnocentrism and communication styles. Ethnocentric attitudes do not have an influence on communication styles. Ethnocentric beliefs can limit your ability to communicate competently. Ethnocentric attitudes tend to diminish when we realize that a communicator is not necessarily working from their own cultural beliefs and practices. Incorrect. When we begin to understand that a communicator’s style may not be a purposeful effort to be difficult or different, but instead may be reflective of deeply held cultural-value practices, our own ethnocentric attitudes may diminish. Drew is a native of Ohio. He has accepted a position at his company’s headquarters in Austria, where he will be tasked with public speaking engagements to promote his company’s services throughout the country. How can Drew adapt his speeches to accommodate Austria’s masculine culture? Build rapport with the audience to establish a personal relationship. Include statistics of his company’s product or service and provide information on how his company compares to the competition in quarterly sales. Hold a panel discussion to determine the best marketing campaign for the company’s service. Incorrect. Building rapport with the audience would be valued in a feminine culture. Masculine cultures are driven by competition and achievement. Incorporating statistics and comparing performance would be valued in a masculine culture. Module 4: Mark works for a large technical company. He often creates large files of data that include graphs, pictures, and text. Rather than driving to the office to deliver his work, Mark is able to log on to the company’s network and submit his work electronically. Mark is experiencing which truism about new media? New media have removed the barriers of time and space. New media often allow for social networking and community building. New media are a better option than driving. New media make it easy to create passwords to access employee workplace sites. Incorrect. Social networking and community building are often not related to the workplace. New media have removed the barriers of time and space which make working remotely possible. Which new media truism shows how online interactions can be potentially unsafe and dangerous if not approached with caution? A person may find that their face-to-face communication skills decline. A person of an older generation may find new technologies to be challenging. A person may create false identities for the purpose of meeting others. Correct. A person who is a “catfish” is intentionally deceptive for the purposes of meeting others. This person may use fake photos, biographies, and networks. Which of the following shows how new media can have a negative impact on communication? Small business owners are able to reach a larger target audience by using e-commerce. Young couples are spending less time together in face-to-face settings. Productivity improves in the workplace due to new file-sharing technology. College students are able to stay more connected with friends and family through text messages. Correct. New media can have a negative impact on people when face time with others, particularly our loved ones, is decreased due to our reliance on technology. Traditional media can be defined as . media that existed prior to the latter part of the 20th century a mediated mode of communication, such as a text message an asynchronous mode of communication, such as an e-mail Correct. Traditional media include television, radio, letters, and the telephone. Which of the following is NOT a traditional form of communication? Phone call Face-to-face meeting Text message Correct. Text messages are a non-traditional form of communication and a method of asynchronous communication. Which of the following channels can result in asynchronous communication? Text message Face-to-face conversation Phone call Correct. If one party is not actively reading and responding, conversations over text messaging becomes asynchronous. Danielle is presenting a prototype of a product to her client in one hour. However, her partner, Liz, has not made the required changes to the prototype. Danielle also has questions about other adjustments that should be made. Which of the following communication methods is the best option for Danielle? Danielle sends Liz a text message. Danielle sends Liz an instant message. Danielle calls Liz. Danielle e-mails Liz and marks the e-mail with “High Importance.” Correct. Phone calls are a form of synchronous communication. An immediate interaction between these co-workers via telephone would be ideal for them to check on the status of their prototype and discuss additional information about the project before their meeting. A man wishes to communicate with his wife, a customer service representative, during the workday to let her know that he has to work late. Which of the following is the most appropriate medium to convey his message? phone call face-to-face meeting text message Correct. A text message is sufficient for transmitting his message. Women are more likely to multitask by responding to text messages during the workday. Sarah needs to inform her team members of a new project that they will be working on. She anticipates that they may have many questions about process and elements of the project. Which of the following criteria is most important for Sarah to consider when choosing the appropriate medium? Capacity for communicating multiple cues Capacity for a personal focus Capacity for instant feedback Incorrect. Sarah will not need to rely on multiple cues to share information about the new project. It is important for Sarah’s team members to be able to ask questions to arrive more quickly at an understanding of their new tasks by having a medium that allows for instant feedback. You are the founder of a tech start-up company with 25 full-time employees, and you need to downsize due to budget cuts. As the company leader, you need to deliver this bad news to your employees while also keeping morale high. You choose to address your employees formally in the auditorium. You use facial expressions and gestures to show your concern and empathy, and you provide a brief opportunity for employees to ask questions. Which element of selecting the right communication medium is not present in this situation? The medium’s capacity to express personality and emotion The medium’s capacity for instant feedback The medium’s capacity for transmitting natural language The medium’s capacity for communicating multiple cues Correct. When communicators use the same kind of language they would typically use in a face-to-face conversation, they can be conversational. However, being more conversational will not necessarily make your news to employees more manageable. Sharing news with loved ones who live far away can be a challenge. Nancy wishes to share her cancer diagnosis with her sister who lives in California but needs to evaluate her media options to determine the best method. Which of the following should be used to deliver news of her cancer diagnosis? Lean media Rich media Incorrect. Lean media are more appropriate for communicating in an asynchronous format, such as text message. Rich media such as Skype™ has the ability to mimic a face-to-face conversation, which would be more appropriate in this situation. Jillian has noticed that some of her friends have abandoned their Facebook accounts and are now using Instagram on a regular basis. How has this shift impacted Jillian’s connectivity to her friends? Jillian should join Instagram if she wants to stay connected to this network of friends through social media. Jillian should abandon Facebook, even though she has friends who still use Facebook as their primary social media site. Correct. Jillian should look for norms within her social network to decide what media she uses. Jessica loves to take pictures with her phone. She snaps the picture, stores it in her phone, and creates many files to keep her pictures organized. Given that Jessica is storing a tremendous amount of information, such as photographs, in a very small digital space, Jessica is using . Networking digital media photo sharing file storage Incorrect. File storage does not accurately define digital media. Digital media operate on digital codes. When information, such as photographs, video, or written words, is digitized, a tremendous amount of it is stored in a very small amount of space. Which new media truism shows how online interactions can be potentially unsafe and dangerous if not approached with caution? A person may find that their face-to-face communication skills decline. A person of an older generation may find new technologies to be challenging. A person may create false identities for the purpose of meeting others. Correct. A person who is a “catfish” is intentionally deceptive for the purposes of meeting others. This person may use fake photos, biographies, and networks. Bill and Sue lead a team of designers at their company, but all employees work remotely from their home offices. Most projects require the designers to meet regularly in a virtual setting to discuss the status of projects and provide input on the design. Which truism of human communication can be applied to this scenario? Online collaboration tools make it easier for multiple groups to work on a shared project. New tools make it difficult for older workers who are not comfortable with modern technology. New media damage a person’s ability to communicate effectively in a face-to-face setting. Correct. Most companies utilize online collaboration tools for file sharing and virtual meetings where Correct. Telephone calls are considered traditional media, and feedback can be sent and received instantly. Correct. Postcards predate the 20th century and do not allow for instant feedback. Correct. Video calls are new media that allow for instant communication and feedback. Correct. Blog posts are new media intended for one-way communication to an audience of readers. When politicians and their staff visit neighborhoods in an attempt to obtain your vote in an election, which type of communication are they using? Traditional media New media Correct. Traditional forms of communication emphasize face-to-face interactions or phone calls. Which of the following channels can result in asynchronous communication? Text message Face-to-face conversation Phone call Correct. If one party is not actively reading and responding, conversations over text messaging becomes asynchronous. Under which circumstance would it be wise to use asynchronous communication to collaborate on a project? Multiple individuals located across time zones are expected to provide input on a new marketing campaign. Application sharing is needed to walk a new employee through the software program. An immediate response is needed on the visual design of a product before it is due to be published. Correct. Asynchronous communication enables collaboration through a “different time, different place” mode when it is convenient for a person’s schedule. You recently interviewed candidates for an entry-level position within your company. Which of the following would be considered an appropriate follow-up interaction from the candidates? Text message Facebook friend request E-mail or phone call Correct. E-mail or phone calls are appropriate given the formal relationship between the interviewer and the candidates. Nancy has recently been diagnosed with stage 3 breast cancer. When choosing the medium to share her diagnosis, what is the most important criteria that she should consider? Capacity for instant feedback Capacity to express personality and emotion Capacity for communicating multiple cues Correct. Nancy has difficult news to share with her family and friends. Messages are interpreted more accurately when participants can express emotion and feeling. You are the founder of a tech start-up company with 25 full-time employees, and you need to downsize due to budget cuts. As the company leader, you need to deliver this bad news to your employees while also keeping morale high. You choose to address your employees formally in the auditorium. You use facial expressions and gestures to show your concern and empathy, and you provide a brief opportunity for employees to ask questions. Which element of selecting the right communication medium is not present in this situation? The medium’s capacity to express personality and emotion The medium’s capacity for instant feedback The medium’s capacity for transmitting natural language The medium’s capacity for communicating multiple cues Correct. When communicators use the same kind of language they would typically use in a face-to-face conversation, they can be conversational. However, being more conversational will not necessarily make your news to employees more manageable. Lean media is primarily used for . gathering instant feedback over text or instant message simulating a face-to-face conversation facilitating deep understanding of a topic Correct. Lean media are useful for gathering instant feedback, typically over a text message. Shelley prefers synchronous forms of communication, such as phone calls, and does not use social media. Shelley has noticed that contact with her network of friends has decreased because they prefer to communicate via text message or Facebook. Which of the following should Shelley do in order to maintain contact? Shelley should join Instagram and invite her friends to join as well. Shelley should consider adding a text message option to her cellular phone plan or join social media. Shelley should continue to attempt interacting with her friends in her preferred medium, telephone or face-to-face meetings. Correct. Shelley should be aware of how her network of friends likes to communicate and adopt similar habits. Nancy has recently been diagnosed with stage 3 breast cancer. When choosing the medium to share her diagnosis, what is the most important criteria that she should consider? Capacity for instant feedback Capacity to express personality and emotion Capacity for communicating multiple cues Correct. Nancy has difficult news to share with her family and friends. Messages are interpreted more accurately when participants can express emotion and feeling. Module 5 Quiz: All of the following statements are true except for which one? A speaker’s attitude influences how he or she projects a topic. Your understanding of ethos, pathos, and logos will affect your success as a speaker. Attitude has nothing to do with delivering an effective speech. Great presentations are often communicated in the same way that you tell a good story. Which of the following items is NOT considered an element of ethos? Practical intelligence Trustworthiness Rational reasons Caring attitude for audience “Obtuse angles are greater than 90 degrees. This angle is greater than 90 degrees, so it is an obtuse angle.” Which type of reasoning is the speaker of this quote using? Inductive Deductive “It rained the morning of the race, and I won! The rain must have caused me to run faster.” Which type of fallacy is the speaker of this quote committing? Post hoc ergo propter hoc Forced dichotomy Appeal to misplaced authority Someone with excellent persuasive speaking skills would be best suited to which of the following career paths? Teaching Sales Stand-up comedy Which of the following items is NOT a common speaking goal? Informing Persuading Confronting Entertaining Josie is giving a presentation of studies on weight-loss methods to the staff at her nutritional therapy clinic to increase the staff’s awareness and knowledge of various weight-loss methods. What kind of presentation is she giving? Entertaining Contrasting Informative Persuasive Aadi wants to speak about the evolution of Geographic Analysis and Mapping to her introductory speech class. Her teacher is cautioning her about this topic. What do you think is the teacher’s concern? Aadi’s topic is classified information. Aadi’s narrowed topic should be understandable to her audience Aadi’s narrowed topic should be college-related. Aadi’s topic isn’t relevant to the audience. Narissa has created her speech. She has not developed the beginning because she is sure she will be fine as she is familiar with the topic and not nervous to present. What necessary element is Narissa forgetting about the beginning of a speech? The beginning of any good speech should be written out word-for-word. The beginning of any good speech is one that is thought-out, intentful and well-developed. The beginning of any good speech should be less than 2-minutes long, and she must plan for this. The beginning of any good speech should include a presentation aide to capture the audience’s attention. Sullivan is going to be speaking about the different types of student loans that are available to his college classmates. What organization should the body of the speech follow? Topical Chronological Three Main Points Sequential Shareka has prepared her speech that she is delivering today. On the way to the speaking engagement, she loses two of her note cards - the two cards that include her speech ending. Shareka does not have her speech memorized. What is the best plan for her? She should fill in the ending when she gets to that part during her presentation. She should end her speech with a simple: “and that concludes my speech” She should ask for a few minutes to prepare before her presentation so she can re-create her note cards. She should ask someone else to prepare her ending and hand it to her during her presentation. Drag and drop each of the rhetorical strategies to match them with the correct definition. Perceived credibility of the speaker Ethos Ability to elicit a specific emotional response from the audience Pathos Use of sound, logical reasoning Logos An argument that begins with a general claim that supports a conclusion about a specific instance reflects which type of reasoning? Inductive Deductive “Every spring, Christine develops a runny nose and itchy eyes. Christine suffers from seasonal allergies.” Which type of reasoning is the speaker of this quote using? Deductive Inductive A presenter who provides only factual information from reliable sources aims to inform the audience. In the public speaking context, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good story? They have sustainable value. They are realistic. They are unorganized. They are interactive. Which one of the following items is NOT typically a feature of an entertaining speech? Use of PowerPoint® Use of eye and hand gestures Dramatic delivery Good timing Valianos is thinking about a topic, and in connecting the topic to the audience, he considers their demographic characteristics as well as their attitudes, previous experiences, needs, and biases. What topic selection guideline is Valianos conducting? He is analyzing the audience’s profile. He is considering using crowdsourcing. He is considering the ease with which he will be able to research his topic. He is narrowing the topic so he can adequately discuss it in the time allotted without confusing his audience. Chema is going to begin his speech with the sound of a book closing and he will chant “hear ye, hear ye, hear ye”. What element of an introduction is Chema using? Presenting the first part of the speech in a unique voice. Reaching out to the audience on a personal level. Capturing the audience’s attention A strong connection to the audience. Sullivan is going to be speaking about the different types of student loans that are available to his college classmates. What organization should the body of the speech follow? Topical Chronological Three Main Points Sequential Natalia begins her speech with a story about a puppy who is being raised by an irresponsible breeder. She presents the body of her speech, and then she concludes by returning to the story about the puppy and letting her audience know that there is a happy ending: the puppy was adopted by Natalia herself, and the puppy is thriving. What term is used to reflect this type of conclusion? Suspenseful conclusion Transitional ending Circular ending Academic ending MODULE 6 Ema works for a nonprofit organization. One aspect of her job is raising awareness to various community partner organizations and potential partner organizations about the ongoing goals and projects that her nonprofit would like to collaborate on with the community partners. Using the most recent data on the project, she is getting ready to deliver a presentation to several local businesses regarding her nonprofit’s involvement in the city’s proposed development of a light rail transit system and how the light rail transit system could affect these businesses. Based on your understanding of the goals of informative speeches, which of the following should Ema make sure to do in her presentation? Using data on emissions, work to convince the local businesses that a light rail transit system is environmentally necessary. Lay out the most accurate data detailing the effect of a light rail transit system on local businesses’ profit margins. Draw from exit polling data from the most recent election, and explain to the businesses how support for a light rail transit system breaks down according to political ideology. Argue the benefits to local business of supporting a light rail transit system using data drawn from environmental emissions testing and tax revenue. Correct. Giving the businesses updated information on how the light rail directly affects them furthers the informative speech’s goal of furthering factual beliefs by revising misinformation. Which of the following would NOT fit with the goals of an informative speech? Including information from a recently declassified government document Explaining how to apply for a loan to a remedial financial planning class Reviewing facts and data that the audience had read in last week’s memo Utilizing data from a recent scientific study instead of one that is 20 years old Correct. Reviewing material that the audience knows does not create, further, or alter existing knowledge. Which of the following sets encompasses the goals of informative speeches? Persuade, dissuade, or deter Introduce, further, or update Incite, agitate, or outrage Affirm, confirm, or review Correct. Informative speeches are intended to create or build upon factual knowledge. Ema is preparing a presentation designed to help get her team up to speed on a project that entails partnering with a community organization. It is essential that her colleagues at the nonprofit have a solid understanding of the partner organization’s role in the project. Ema’s presentation contains two components. The first part is a lengthy debriefing of the partner organization’s role in the project, the terminology used, its timeline, and its budget. The second part is a role-playing exercise in which her colleagues pair up and play-act to gain experience applying and enacting what they have learned in preparation for dealing with the client. Which type of informative speech most accurately defines Ema’s presentation? Demonstration Briefing Instructional Training Correct. This was a lengthy, interactive exercise intended to instruct employees in how to complete a task in a work setting. Ema is attempting to recruit a new community partner to join with her nonprofit to work on various projects in the community. Her task is to present her nonprofit agency’s capabilities to the potential partner in a way that communicates the advantages of working with her nonprofit. Ema’s initial presentation to the potential partner focuses on all of the exciting things that her nonprofit has done for the community, such as policy changes they have helped create and advantages that partnership with them has brought to other partner entities. Which of the following goals of persuasive speaking is most relevant to Ema’s presentation? Influencing attitudes Influencing behavior Influencing beliefs Influencing values Correct. Ema seeks to alter the attitude of her audience so that they see her organization as capable and experienced. Ema is delivering a persuasive presentation to her local chamber of commerce. She encourages them to write language into their mission statement in support of a nondiscrimination ordinance pertaining to local businesses. Which type of presentation is she delivering? Policy Factual Value Definitional Correct. Ema is advocating a solution to a material social problem. Ema delivered a presentation to the staff of a local hospital. During the course of the presentation, she laid out the goals and expectations for the partnership, explained the work that the hospital would be doing with her nonprofit, and provided some data demonstrating how other community partners have increased their organizational communication skills as a result of partnering with her organization. Which type of presentation did Ema deliver at the hospital? Persuasive. She was attempting to change their beliefs about her organization. Informative. She was teaching her audience information that had a basis in fact. Persuasive. She was attempting to persuade her audience to understand the virtue of good organizational communication skills. Informative. She led a training session designed to get her audience to interact with the material. Correct. Ema was supplying her audience with new information that was factually verifiable. Ema is preparing a presentation that outlines the work that her nonprofit has done to further various goals in the community with the assistance of several community partners. Her audience consists of current community partners, business leaders, city council members, and potential partners. During her presentation, Ema notices that several of the city council members appear resistant to her message. They are sighing, rolling their eyes, and sitting with their arms crossed. How should Ema adjust her presentation to reflect that this part of her audience disagrees with her position? Ema should be straightforward and tell her audience exactly what she wants and needs from them. Ema should supply credible evidence and search for common ground. Ema should explain her position and why she adopted it. Ema should adopt a more passionate stance and advocate for her position as strongly as possible. Correct. Searching for consensus and offering solid facts could sway skeptics. Ema notices that the local business leaders in her audience are showing support through various nonverbal cues. She wants to take this opportunity to strengthen and reinforce their support. Ema’s goal with her business leader audience is to get them on board with pledging financial support. What is her best course of action? Explaining why getting involved in nonprofit work was meaningful to her Emphasizing that she cross-referenced and checked her facts with multiple sources Asking them to pledge some financial support before leaving Reminding them of the visions and values they share, and asking for small changes Correct. Asking for direct action is a good strategy with supportive audiences. In which instances is it important to establish common ground with your audience? Ambivalent and agreeable Agreeable, resistant, and ambivalent Agreeable only Resistant only Correct. All types of audiences respond positively by having the speaker establish common ground. What is the main task of a speaker who faces a neutral audience? Shape their beliefs. Reinforce their beliefs. Change their beliefs. Have them act on their beliefs. Correct. A speaker seeks to win over a neutral audience through information. Ema is presenting about her nonprofit’s work in the community to a citizen’s town hall meeting. The audience is varied and diverse, and she does not have a clear sense of whether or not they sympathize with her organization’s mission. During the Q&A, a man mentions Ema’s nonprofit’s work to partner with businesses to make their establishments more accessible to persons with disabilities. He says he’s not sure, but he heard on the news that excessive regulations stifle growth. Several other people nod in agreement. How should Ema approach this group? This audience is supportive and should be given directions on how to be allies. This audience appears to be ambivalent and underinformed, so Ema should provide them with facts and data that support her position. She is dealing with a resistant audience, so she should manage her expectations to only modest changes in belief. This audience is confused about Ema’s stance, so she should advocate why she believes in the issue. Correct. This audience is ambivalent due to inadequate information, and they would benefit from more facts. What is credible evidence, in the context of an audience-tailored presentation? Only that which is backed by the scientific method That which your specific audience will appreciate Everything except anecdotal evidence That which supports the status quo Correct. Credible evidence reflects the audience’s knowledge base and background. When is an emotional appeal most likely to persuade an audience? When the audience is ambivalent and the main idea is not supported by facts and data. When the audience is resistant, but the main idea is supported by facts and data. When the audience is agreeable and the main idea is supported by facts and data. Emotional appeals never persuade an audience. Correct. Emotional appeals can motivate an agreeable audience to take direct action when supported by facts and data. Ema is preparing to present to her audience on the importance of hospital staff using ethically informed communication consultants to facilitate patient-provider communication. The desired outcome is that the hospital consortium she is presenting to would utilize her nonprofit as a liaison to help ensure that the consultants are fulfilling hospital staff and patients’ mutual goals and needs. Which of the following is NOT an example of Monroe’s Motivated Sequence in Ema’s presentation? We can act in partnership with your consultants to ensure that they are training your staff in the skills of ethical interpersonal communication. What would you say if I told you that a doctor’s empathetic communication skills was the number one factor in determining patient satisfaction? Over 70 percent of patients, in a recent survey, stated that their doctor could have communicated with them in a more compassionate manner. Although the outcomes are unclear, we invite you to consider partnering with us. Correct. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence is aimed at action, not just consideration. Which of these most clearly shows Step 4 of Monroe’s Motivated Sequence, to help the audience visualize satisfaction? Our organization retains individuals who specialize in philosophy, communication, anthropology, sociology, and other relevant disciples and who offer top-quality medical consulting supplementation. Communication consultants often lack proper training themselves, especially in matters of ethics, empathy, compassion, and other-oriented communication. You can become a part of this exciting vision today by contacting our services director and indicating your interest in retaining us to train your consultants. Increased patient satisfaction would mean fewer complaints and conflicts, resulting in higher staff morale, less demand on administrative resources, and more efficient patient processing. Correct. This example reveals a hypothetical vision of the future in which the problem has been solved. What is Step 2 of Monroe’s Motivated Sequence? Grab the audience’s attention. Identify problems or unfulfilled needs. Propose a solution that satisfies the problem(s). Give your audience an action plan. Correct. This is Step 2. Ema is preparing a presentation to a group of donors who have already voiced their intentions to bestow an endowment upon her organization. Her goal of this speech is to secure a multi-year commitment to renew the donation for a five-year term. Which of the following best exemplifies use of a two-sided message with refutation? We ask that you pledge a two-year commitment today, and after this period we would like you to consider renewing your pledge for the additional three years. Although your chief concern is that our organization could fail in the next five years, we can confidently assure you that we are a good long-term investment. Although a one-year commitment is indeed the safer choice in these uncertain economic times, we contend that a five-year pledge would ensure more continued impact and success of our project’s implementation. Committing to a five-year recurring endowment would bring you the satisfaction of knowing you are alleviating suffering in your community, plus it makes the most long-term economic sense. Correct. This approach presents the opposing side and refutes it. Why is it important to inoculate against counter-arguments? It is the strategy most effective in minimizing resistance. This is how you dismantle objections before they arise. It is important to focus solely on your advocacy message. Because audience members are receptive to emotional appeals. Correct. This strategy is useful even when solidifying the support of an agreeable audience. Why might you want to ask for small, gradual changes instead of big ones? Asking for big changes can have the effect of heightening counterproductive speaker anxiety. Facts and evidence don’t hold up as well when asking for sweeping change. When dealing with an emotional topic, you don’t want to demand too much. When asked to make big changes too quickly, research shows that resistance can deepen. Correct. Asking for big changes can backfire into resistant audiences becoming more entrenched in their opposition. Leesa has to deliver a persuasive speech. She understands that a persuasive speech has similar elements to an informative speech. Which of Leesa’s understandings about the two types of speeches is accurate? While informative speaking does involve persuading your audience to believe a particular set of facts, the line between these types of presentations can be subtle. Persuasive speaking does not involve teaching people something that has some basis in fact. The response by an audience directly reflects the intention of the speaker. Denise is preparing an informative speech to deliver to a group of nursing students at a local college. Because her audience already has a basic understanding of health issues, such as the causes of diabetes and stroke, her goal is to factual beliefs about the causes and symptom of diabetes and stroke. alter create further Sally is going to give an instructional presentation. Her thoughts about an instructional presentation are below. Which one of her thoughts is accurate? Instructional presentations do not need to allow time for interaction and other audience engagement. Instructional presentations in business and civic settings typically are longer than one hour in length. Instructional presentations should not be considered interactive relationships between speakers and their audience. Instructional presentations are specifically designed to provide listeners with some in-depth knowledge on a particular topic. Connor, the captain of his high school lacrosse team, wants his younger brother, Max, to join the lacrosse team. However, Max loves to play soccer and dislikes the sport of lacrosse. If Connor tries to persuade his brother that lacrosse players are much cooler than soccer players, he is attempting to change a specific . behavior belief attitude Your university will be sponsoring a speech that addresses how every American citizen should be required to have a background check and undergo training before owning any type of firearm. What type of speech will this be? A policy speech A definitional speech A factual speech A value speech Orlando will be speaking to the members of his swim club in hopes of gaining support for his proposal to increase member dues. He is convinced that any proposal to increase dues will be unpopular. Which of the following persuasive strategies would be most beneficial to Orlando in this scenario? Orlando should focus on explaining why this issue is relevant to his fellow swim club members. Orlando should establish common ground and encourage his audience’s attitudes and beliefs. Orlando should push for small, incremental increases to club dues. Orlando should encourage audience participation and feedback during the speech in hopes of gleaning support. A visiting professor at your college begins his speech with the following: “More than a third of children under the age of two use mobile media, according to a recently released report. Specifically, the study found that 38 percent of kids under age two have used tablets or smartphones.” This is an example of which step in Monroe’s Motivated Sequence? Identify problems or unfulfilled needs. Propose a solution that satisfies the problem. Capture the audience’s attention. Give the audience an action plan. A human resources representative from your company holds a town hall meeting to share news about a new insurance plan. In anticipation of objections from employees who are not happy about changing health care plans, he says, “I know that change can be very difficult. But this new plan was created with the specific needs of our employees in mind. Please be open to these changes.” Which of the following strategies is he employing? He is focusing only on the most important objections. He is inoculating against counterarguments. He is using a two-sided argument with refutation. He is providing a context. MODULE 8: Which of these statements is true about sensory aids? Visual aids are the only type of sensory aids. Audiences no longer view sensory stimulation as an entertaining add-on to a presentation. Sensory aids take away from the effectiveness of information being given. Incorrect. Sensory aids enhance the learning experience by making information more comprehensible, highlighting important content and assisting learners with retaining what was learned. Which of the following serves as an example of how media can be detrimental to a presentation? A day care brings in rubber germs to teach children about germ free environments. Julie has 10 PowerPoint slides for a 5 minute presentation. After giving his traditional lecture, a professor shows an engaging documentary that supports the main points of his lecture. Correct. In this case, Julie’s PowerPoint slides are not necessary for such a short presentation. Tasha has an important presentation on budgeting that she is preparing for. She knows she will be speaking at 2 p.m. in a small lecture hall that seats about 50 students. She has approximately 15 minutes for her presentation. What question didn’t she ask that will contribute to an effective presentation? How much time do I have? What will the acoustics, lighting and even room temperature, be like? When will I be speaking? What is the seating capacity, physical layout, and technical capacity of the room? Correct. Tasha hasn’t inquired about things such as lighting to make sure the audience can see everything clearly, acoustics to make sure she’s heard properly, or room temperature to make sure the audience is comfortable. Which one of these statements is reflective of an abbreviated outline? Jesse’s outline contains complete sentences throughout. Katie’s outline has an introduction and conclusion written word for word. Robert’s outline contains short phrases. Correct. An abbreviated outline contains short phrases that allow the speaker to glance at key words. Which part of an outline would contain the argument that factories can be harmful to pregnant women? Subpoints General purpose statement The thesis Major headings Incorrect. Subpoints should break down the argument, but they do not state the argument in an outline. An SGA president has to make a speech on the things he would like to accomplish within his term. Which linear structure would be most appropriate for his speech? Cause and Effect Chronological Topical Problem-Solution Correct. Since the student will most likely be covering multiple topics within one speech, this would be the most appropriate linear structure. Students within a university have a class on the relationship between fast food and obesity. For this lecture, the professor first directs students to the textbook. Further into the class, he shows them a documentary on the harmful effects of fast food and then passes around some photos of extremely obese individuals. At the end of the class, he gives the students a handout, showing a poll conducted to show how many nights a week the average person eats fast food. Which piece of learning material would NOT be considered a sensory aid? The handout The photos The textbook The documentary Correct. A textbook is considered an example of traditional learning material and does not appeal to any of the five senses. Karen is preparing an outline for her presentation on the extinction of animals and she has titled it “Saving our Friends.” She begins the outline stating that her speech will be her personal platform, but that it will include a great amount of facts and information. She begins arguing that “factors caused by humans have contributed to the elimination of the some of the world’s most precious creatures.” She made sure to label each section of her outline and include sub-points, to break the presentation down further. Her outline ends with the conclusion. Which one of these guidelines for creating an outline did Karen not follow? For each major heading, you will need at least two subpoints, indented and labeled with capital letters. Every outline ends with a complete list of references that cite the sources you used in your presentation as evidence or documentation. A thesis statement is a concise summary of the central message of your speech, but it is more developed than your purpose statement. Begin your outline with a title that entices your audience to listen. Incorrect. Karen’s outline included a thesis that argued her platform about extinct animals. UNIT 3 TEST Roy developed a speech for a large group of attorneys who specialize in foster care and adoption law. In his presentation, he included charts, graphs, photographs, and written handouts about foster care and adoption. Why did Roy choose to use numerous sensory aids when talking to these attorneys? Roy knew that sensory aids tend to clarify facts in a presentation that may be ambiguous for listeners. Roy knew that sensory aids could heighten and sustain his audience’s interest. Roy knew that sensory aids could help his audience remember information. All of these describe why Roy chose to use numerous sensory aids when talking to these attorneys. Correct. All of these answers are correct. At times, using media can be detrimental to your ability to present a good speech; media can sometimes confuse an audience member’s senses. The scenarios below are examples of sensory aids used in presentations. Which one is likely to cause the least interference to our senses? Showing a video of yourself presenting the more difficult parts of your speech instead of doing it live Using PowerPoint slides and flash animation to help you remember what to say and when to say it Showing photos to illustrate your words during a complicated speech Using more than 50 PowerPoint slides in a 10-minute presentation Correct. Photos can heighten and sustain the audience’s interest, as well as clarify complex topics. Which of the following is NOT an example of a traditional visual aid? Chart Photo Guest speaker Hands-on experiment Correct. A guest speaker is not a supporting device. Next, Roy was asked to present to a large group of stay-at-home mothers about different toddler playgroups offered by the local community center. In deciding what kind of presentation would be the most appropriate for this group, Roy needs to take into consideration many different factors. Which would be the BEST choice for this specific presentation? A lunch presentation at a local, fancy restaurant that requires a professional dress code A short presentation in the mid-morning in which the community center offers childcare for mothers who need to bring their kid