ATSC 113 Final Study Questions and Answers Graded A

ATSC 113 Final Study Questions and Answers Graded A Three main factors affecting wave formation: Wind velocity, fetch, duration. Catellanus Cloud small castle torrents, unstable airloft, thunderstorms possible later in the day Billow clouds waves in a cloud, unstable airloft, indicate wind shear and create CAT, relate to K-H waves Lenticular clouds "bubble shape" little UVO's, strong mountain waves, wind oscillations Rotor clouds ragged looking under mountain, strong winds across mountain, form at low altitude under crest of mountain waves, BIG hazard Banner clouds like a banner blowing off the mountain, strong winds across mountains, indicate strong turbulence, usually only on an isolated peak Pyrocumulus clouds over a fire or volcano, extra heat, can make a thunderstorm Pileus clouds like a little hat on a cumulus, updrafts, form over fast growing cumulus clouds Fractus (scud) clouds Ragged and low, low altitude turbulence, humid air near ground, indicate high humidity and strong winds Fumulus Above smoke stacks, man made, water droplets condense over cooling towers Contrails trails behind airplanes, man made, from wind-tip vortices on airplanes Cloud ceiling clouds that cover more than half the sky create a cloud ceiling, VFR cannot fly above it VFR Rules Visible Flight Rules, looking out window, no instruments, more the 3000 ft AGL ceiling, more than 5 SM visibility Hazards to VFR fog, clouds, heavy precipitation IFR Instrumental Flight Rules, conduct most of flight without looking out the window, can fly in good and bad weather, less than 1000 ft AGL ceiling, less the 3 SM visibility When does fog form water is added to unsaturated air, unsaturated air is cooled to its dew-point temperature, when ground warms the air above it Fog forms under what conditions - most often late at night (clear skies) or early morning as cool ground cools air - radiation: cooling at night - Advection: humid air blows over a cold surface (lake, ocean...) - upslope: upwards moving air cools against a slop (mountain, hill) - precipitation or frontal: adding moisture, via evaporation - steam: cold air moves over hot surface (warmed fields...) Obscurations to flying haze, smoke, blowing dust/sand, blowing snow, volcanic ash, rain why