68W ALC Phase 3, LPC| 345 Questions| With Complete Solutions

pharmacology correct answer: study of substances that interact with living organisms through chemical processes medical pharmacology correct answer: science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease indication correct answer: reason or condition for which a particular medication is given dose correct answer: amount of medication given within a specified period of time single dose correct answer: amount of medication administered at one time maximum dose correct answer: the largest amount of medication either as a single dose or within a period of time cumulative dose correct answer: sum of all single doses over either a lifetime or a period of time strength correct answer: amount of medication contained per tablet, capsule, suppository, etc titration correct answer: administering a medication with variable strength, interval, and quantity to achieve and maintain a desired observable physiological effect (pain ctrl) contraindication correct answer: medical reason not to give a medication absolute contraindication correct answer: medical reason to NEVER give a medication relative contraindication correct answer: medical reason a medication should not be given, but may be acceptable in certain circumstances allergy correct answer: immune response in which there is a hypersensitivity response induced by exposure to a particular medication side effect correct answer: unintended, but not surprising consequence of a medication which may require a medication dose be changed or discontinued therapeutic effect correct answer: desired change in physiology for administering the medication therapeutic level correct answer: blood level of a medication required to achieve the therapeutic effect toxic level correct answer: blood level of a medication which will cause tissue damage therapeutic range correct answer: variable blood levels of a medication between the therapeutic level and the toxic level therapeutic window correct answer: range of acceptable DOSAGES of a medication needed to keep blood levels within the therapeutic range peak correct answer: when medication is at its highest concentration trough correct answer: lowest blood level of a medication between doses half-life correct answer: time it takes for the body to eliminate half the dose of medication steady state correct answer: relatively constant blood level of medication which is sustained after 5-6 half lives of a medication tolerance correct answer: when the body has adapted to having a medication regularly and now requires a higher or more frequent doses to achieve the therapeutic effect resistance correct answer: when infectious organisms adapt to antibiotics and it takes either higher doses of same medication or a change to a different medication to kill the organisms metabolism correct answer: process of the body to break down and eliminate medications most metabolized by the liver or kidneys dosing interval correct answer: recommended time period between doses of a medication onset correct answer: time until a medication's therapeutic effect begins duration of effect correct answer: time until the medication's therapeutic effect wears off duration of therapy correct answer: length of time a course of medication is continued to ensure the desired effect is maintained dosing parameters correct answer: the limitations, considerations, and instructions required regarding a medication; helps achieve the desired physiological response minimize side effects Body weight, Comorbidities, Age correct answer: What are factors that affect dosing Importance for patients to understand dosing parameters correct answer: -too little: not achieve therapeutic effects -too much: increased side effects/toxic levels Antibiotics correct answer: Medications which kill or inhibit the reproduction of bacteria Gram Stain Testing correct answer: Categorizes bacteria classification based upon chemical properties in the cell's membrane. Gram positive correct answer: Indicates the presence of peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan correct answer: the substance that forms a tough, rigid structure of the bacterium cell wall Gram Negative correct answer: the cell membrane outer structure consists of a cytoplasmic membrane surrounded by a thin layer of peptidoglycan. Aerobic correct answer: bacteria that thrives only in an oxygen environment Anaerobic correct answer: bacteria that grow we