EMT Refresher Exam 2020 Questions with Correct Solutions

Body Substance Isolation (BSI) - - Hand washing after each call; most effective means of reducing disease transmission - Use of protective gloves, safety glasses, gowns & masks when appropriate - 10% bleach solution for blood borne cleanups - Solution only good for approximately 3 weeks EMT Immunizations - - MMR - Hep-B - TB test at least once each year - No immunization for AIDS Proper Lifting Techniques - - Know the physical limitations of self & partner - Keep weight in close while carrying or lifting - Lift with legs & back from squat position - Don't reach - #1 cause of EMT injury is from improper lifting Haz-mat Scene Precautions - - First concern is for your own safety - If scene unsafe do not enter - Set up safe zone if you are first unit in - Always approach from upwind - Do only that which you are trained to do. EMT Stress & Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) - - EMT response to death or serious injury may lead to critical incident stress. - Defusing is an early intervention that occurs at the scene or shortly after the scene of an incident, designed to stop the negative stress process that may occur in the hours immediately following a disaster response. - Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)-A psychological, emotional and educational group process to diminish the impact of critical incident stress. - Best accomplished if commenced within 24-72 hours of the incident DABDA is an acronym - what does the 1st D stand for? - Denial DABDA is an acronym - what does the 1st A stand for? - Anger DABDA is an acronym - what does the B stand for? - Bargaining DABDA is an acronym - what does the 2nd D stand for? - Depression DABDA is an acronym - what does the 2nd A stand for? - Acceptance Golden Rule - Do unto others as you would have them do unto you Public Health Law Article 30, Part 800 - Contains the rules & regulations in reference to EMS & immunities. An EMT cannot be held liable unless gross negligence can be proven. Good Samaritan Act - Designed to protect private non-certified persons who assist in emergency treatment from legal action, with the exception of gross negligence. (does not cover the EMT in NYS) Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues - Staying within the scope of practice & standard of care for his/her level of training, combined with proper documentation will go a long way in preventing the EMT from being involved in litigation. Negligence - Deviation from the standard of care as recognized by law Criteria: Duty to act Breech of duty Injury occurred Proximate cause - Injury resulted from the improper action or failure to act. assault and battery - In certain circumstances the EMT can be charged with assault (unlawfully placing someone in fear of immediate bodily harm) & battery (unlawful touching) for treating an adult without consent. consent - Agreement by the patient to accept medical intervention Informed (Actual) Consent - A patient is told, in a manner they can understand, the nature and extent of the procedure to be performed and the possible risks. The patient fully understands the procedures, risks involved, and accepts. Implied consent - The unconscious, mentally impaired, or child patient under age 18 in a true emergency, in which there is a significant risk of death, disability or deterioration of the condition, the Law assumes that the patient or guardian would give their consent. Abandonment - The termination of the provider-patient relationship without the consent from the patient and not allowing that patient time to find another provider while care is still needed. Transferring a patient to another health care professional who is not of equal or higher training than you. Delegated Practice - The system Medical Director who is a physician delegates the rescuer to carry out actions on their behalf. Example is on line medical direction (medical control) or off line medical direction (standing orders and/or protocols). Quality Improvement - A system of internal & external audits, that monitors every aspect of pre hospital care to achieve optimal excellence in-patient services rendered. When quality issues are discovered, suggestions are made to prevent re occurrence.