APUSH AMSCO CH2 Latest 2023 Rated A+

APUSH AMSCO CH2 Latest 2023 Rated A+ Corporate colonies Colonies operated by joint-stock companies; Ex: Jamestown Royal colonies Colonies that were under authority and rule of the king's government; Ex: Virginia Proprietary colonies Colonies that were under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king; Ex: Maryland Chesapeake colonies Colonies that consisted of Maryland and Virginia; the land that made up these colonies were given to Lord Baltimore as a reward for his loyal service to the crown George Calvert, Lord Baltimore This Catholic nobleman was granted control of land by the Chesapeake Bay for his loyal service to king Charles I; established the proprietary colony of Maryland; wanted to achieve great wealth and create a haven for his fellow Catholics, but died before he could Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore Control of Maryland was passed down to him when his father died; implemented his father's plans for the colony Act of Toleration (1649) The first colonial statute granting religious freedom to all Christians; also called for the death of anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus; created by Cecil Baltimore; was repealed when Protestants resented the Catholic proprietor Sir William Berkeley The royal governor of Virginia; adopted policies that favored the large planters and used dictatorial powers to govern on their behalf; failed to protect settlements of farmers, resulted in Bacon's Rebellion Bacon's Rebellion An impoverished gentleman farmer led a rebellion against Sir William Berkeley's government; the farmers were mad about how few large planters in the Chesapeake area had political control and how Berkeley wasn't doing anything about the Indian raids; rebels attacked Indian villages, defeated Berkeley's forces, and burned Jamestown indentured servant A person who gets a paid passage to the colonies and works under a master or a landowner for a certain number of years. After they serve those years, they gain freedom to work for wages or to obtain their own land to farm headright system As a way of attracting immigrants, Virginia offered 50 acres of land to each immigrant who paid for his own passage and any plantation owner who paid for an immigrant's passage slavery In 1619, a Dutch trader first brought Africans to America; early colonists were too poor to buy imported Africans for slave labor; Africans were discriminated upon when the Virginia house of Burgesses enacted laws that gave white laborers freedom after a certain period of time, but kept blacks enslaved for life Roger Williams A respected Puritan minister whose belief in the right for individuals to think for themselves got him in trouble with Puritan leaders; was banished from the bay colony and founded the Providence colony; also founded one of the first Baptist churches in America Providence Colony in Narragansett Bay that was established by Roger Williams; it recognized the rights of native Americans and paid them for their use of land; had complete religious toleration Anne Hutchinson Woman who questioned the doctrines of the Puritan authorities; believed in antinomianism; founded the colony of Portsmouth; claimed she talked to God Antinomianism The idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation Rhode Island Proprietary colony founded by Roger Williams; had complete religious toleration and was tolerant of Native Americans Thomas Hooker Reverend who led a large group of Boston Puritans into the Connecticut River Valley and founded the colony of Hartford; was unhappy about Massachusetts authorities Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) The first written constitution in American History; written by Hartford settlers; this established a representative government consisting of legislature elected by popular vote and a governor chosen by that legislature John Davenport Established the settlement of New Haven in 1637 Connecticut Consists of New Haven and the democratic Hartford settlers; its royal charter granted it a limited degree of self-government, including election of the governor New Hampshire The last colony to be founded in New England; royal colony that was subject to the authority of an appointed governor; broke away from the Massachusetts Bay Colony halfway covenant Offered by some clergymen to those who professed limited religious commitment in an effort to maintain the church's influence and membership; allowed people to become church members without formal declaration of their total belief in Christ New England Confederation The New England colonies (Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven) formed this military alliance to protect themselves from Indians, the Dutch, and the French.; established a precedent for colonies taking unified action toward a common purpose Wampanoags Native American tribe that attacked the New England colonies in a war known as "King Philip's War" Metacom; King Philip's War Known to the colonists as "King Philip", he is the chief of the Wampanoag tribe that was involved in King Philip's war, a war in southern New England between many Native American tribes and English settlers over land; a bloody war resulting in a victory for the English settlers Restoration colonies Colonies founded in the late 17th century during a period in English history known as the Restoration (when Charles II was restored to power) the Carolinas A restoration and proprietary colony; land granted by Charles II to eight noblemen; consists of South Carolina (trading furs, rice plantations) and North Carolina (tobacco farms, harbors, poor transportation, less reliance on slavery, democratic) rice plantations African slaves worked here in South Carolina; worked by African slaves; resembled the economy and culture of the West Indies tobacco farms Established by Virginian and New England farmers in North Carolina; small and self-sufficient New York Colony once owned by Dutch settlers; renamed by the Duke of York (James II); no political assembly at first, taxation without representation New Jersey The old New York territory was divided between Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, who tried to attract settlers; they eventually sold their proprietary interests to some Quakers and there was a confusion about who owned which land; the crown put the divided territory together and made it a royal colony Pennsylvania The name given to the grant of land that was given to William Penn's father by the royal family; it means "Penn's woods" Quakers Aka Religious Society of Friends; believed in the equality of all men and women, nonviolence, and resistence to military service; also believed that religious authority was found within each person's private soul and not in the Bible or any outside source; were persecuted and jailed for their beliefs William Penn A young convert to the Quaker faith; established Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers and others who were persecuted for their beliefs holy experiment William Penn's experiment to test ideas he had developed based on his Quaker beliefs; this was to created a religious refuge for Quakers and other persecuted people, enact liberal ideas in government, and generate income and profits for himself Frame of Government () Guaranteed a representative assembly elected by landowners in the colony of Pennsylvania Chater of Liberties A written constitution which guaranteed freedom of worship for all unrestricted immigration in Pennsylvania Delaware A colony that was established from the lower three counties of Pennsylvania; had the same governor as Pennsylvania's until the American Revolution Georgia The thirteenth colony; a royal colony and the last of the British colonies; was the only one to receive direct financial support from the home government in London; was created as a defensive buffer to protect the prosperous South Carolina plantations fro Spanish invasions; banned alcohol and slavery; smallest and poorest state James Oglethorpe Founded Georgia's first settlement, Savannah in 1733; acted as Georgia's first governor mercantilism Based upon the doctrine the colonies existed for one purpose only, which was to enrich the parent country; it was an economic policy which looked upon trade, colonies, and the accumulation of wealth as the basis for a country's military and political strength Navigation Acts Established 3 rules for colonial trade: trade to and from the colonies could be carried only by English or colonial-built ships, all goods imported into the colonies must pass through ports in England first, and enumerated goods from the colonies could be exported to England only Virginia The first English colony; had many problems involving the economy and the government