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Grade 11 IEB Consumer Studies Carbohydrates Summary
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This document contains a summary of the Carbohydrates section in Grade 11 IEB Consumer Studies. It includes the classification of carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides), the functions of carbohydrates, sources of carbohydrates, and carbohydrate deficiencies and excesses.

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  • October 19, 2023
  • 2
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

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Food & Nutrition
Carbohydrates
Classification
 2 types of carbohydrates – sugars & starches
 1g = 17 kilojoules
 Also includes fibre
 Monosaccharides – single or simple sugars (most simple form of carbs)
o Glucose (sugar in blood)
o Fructose (sugar in fruit)
o Galactose (combines with glucose to form lactose)
 Disaccharides – “double sugars” (combines 2 monosaccharides)
o Sucrose (cane sugar) – glucose + fructose
o Maltose (malt sugar) – glucose + glucose
o Lactose (milk sugar) – glucose + galactose
 Polysaccharides – contains many monosaccharides
o Examples include:
 Starch
 Fibre
 Glycogen (glucose stored as glycogen in liver)
 Pectin (found in apples)
 Dextrin (formed when dry heat is applied to starch)
Functions
 Carbs are broken down into glucose in the digestive system and is carried in the
blood to cells, where it provides the main source of energy
 The body uses carbs for energy, and saves protein for building and repairing
tissues and muscles
 Starch creates satiety
 You need 6 – 11 servings of carbohydrates per day (provides 50 – 55% of diet)
 Tissues require a constant supply of glucose (fuel)
 Stored in the form of glycogen
Sources
 Starch
o Bread, maize meal, rice, sorghum, samp, oats, breakfast cereals, pasta,
potatoes, certain fruits
 Sugar
o Cooldrinks, cake, chocolate, sweets, honey, jam, fruits, syrup, ice cream




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