LifeSpan Development Psychology Exam 2 Chapters 5-8 Questions With Complete Solutions

A well-nourished child will gain about 4.5 pounds and grow about 3 inches between what age ranges? correct answer: 2-6 How do American parents tend to respond to the diets of young children? correct answer: Overfeeding In developed nations, calcium, iron and zinc are nutrients that are most ______ in a child's diet. correct answer: Deficient The 'Just right' phenomenon. correct answer: Ages 2-6, children want things a certain way, their way of gaining control ie no crust. Handle with patience, it should pass, offer healthy choices, reintroduce. Gross motor skills correct answer: Large muscle movements, running, jumping, throwing, learned from other children, greatly improve ages 2-6. Concept of conservation correct answer: Learned ages 2-6. Refers to the ability to determine that a certain quantity will remain the same despite adjustment of the container, shape, or apparent size. What is myelination? correct answer: 1. One reason for rapid brain growth 2. Process that insulates nerves and speeds up neural communication 3. Is why children can think and react quicker than toddlers According to lecture, the corpus callosum is identified as what? correct answer: 1. The 2 nerve fibers that connect the left and right sides of the brain 2. They grow and mylenate 3. Coordinate functions 4. Both sides can be used 5. The two sides of the body and brain aren't identical What is lateralization as it pertains to the brain? correct answer: 1. when 2 sides of brain and body specialize in certain tasks 2. 2 sides of brain look identical, but are not 3. house different functions and specialties -specializations influcenced by:genes, early experiences, and prenatal hormones What is static reasoning? correct answer: a preoperational thought where young children think that nothing changes; the world stays the same What is Head Start? correct answer: A federally funded early-childhood-intervention program for low income children in the US. Started by LBJ-gave disadvantaged kids tools According to Vygotsky, what is scaffolding? correct answer: Sensitively structuring a child's participation in learning encounters. Ex: When adults read with young children they are scaffolding by listening and pointing things out to the children The belief that what has been done cannot be undone refers to what preoperational child's tendency? correct answer: Irreversibility According to fast-mapping, what do children do with a new word heard in a familiar context? correct answer: They place it in a category. The more categories the child has , the faster their fast mapping is Understand and be able to identify an example of overregularization. correct answer: Tendency of preschoolers to over use rules of grammar; sign of verbal sophistication example Know well the Erikson's psychosocial stages of development (hint: focus on industry/inferior and initiative/guilt). correct answer: 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1 year)If needs are dependably met, we develop a sense of basic trust. 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (2-3 years)exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)preschoolers learn to start tasks and carry out plans or they will feel guilty about efforts to be independent 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 years)children must learn the productive skills their culture requires or else face feelings of inferiority 5. Identity vs. Identity Diffusion (12-18 years)develop a sense of who they are and where they are going in life or they become confused about their identity 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adulthood: 19-mid 20s)struggle to form close relationships and gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated. 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation/Self-Absorbtion (middle age: late 20s-50s)people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually though family or work, or they may feel a lack of purpose. 8. Integrity vs. Dispair (old age: 60s and beyond) Initiative vs. Guilt correct answer: (3-6 years)preschoolers learn to start tasks and carry out plans or they will feel guilty about efforts to be independent Industry vs. Inferiority correct answer: (6-11 years)children must learn the productive skills their culture requires or else face feelings of inferiority How is rough-and-tumble play displayed? correct answer: Pretending to be aggressive one when its not actually being aggressive Name the 4 dimensions of parenting styles. correct answer: 1) warm- the nurturing behaviors towards the children. 2) discipline- what kind and how do they use it. 3) communication- between the parent and child. 4) maturity expectations- parents expectations for the child's age appropriate conduct. Differentiate between authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles. correct answer: 1) Authoritarian Parenting: The Dictator. The parents word is the law and no questions allowed. Parent child communication is low. Maturity demands are high. Children are likely to be obedient but unhappy. 2) Authoritative Parenting: Democratic. High maturity demands of the child but communicate more. More nurturing and democratic. Explain the rules and can be flexible in enforcing them. These children are successful, articulate, intelligent, happy with themselves and generous with others. Know prosocial and antisocial behavior and be able to recognize an example. correct answer: 1) prosocial-Actions that are helpful and kind but that are of no obvious benefit to the person doing them. ex. expressing concern, offering to share and including a shy child in a game or conversation 2) antisocial-Actions are deliberately hurtful or destructive to another person. This includes people who have done no damage. ex) Social exclusion, verbal insults and physical attacks Be able to identify and give an example of reactive aggression and relational aggression correct answer: Reactive aggression- used in angry retaliation against another child. Relational aggression- used to cause psychic not physical pain (girls spreading rumors). What kind of children typically come to view others as hostile and ready to take advantage of them? correct answer: Maltreated Time-outs, the most common discipline technique in North America, are typically used by parents to discipline what school-age group? correct answer: Elementary school aged What are some signs that might show one has developed emotional regulation? correct answer: Children become more aware of their reactions and more able to control them- behavior is an example According to Freud's theory, what is the Oedipus complex? correct answer: When boys want to replace their father and be with their mother Be able to distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary prevention for child maltreatment. correct answer: A) Primary Prevention: Public policy measures designed to prevent maltreatment. B) Secondary Prevention: Reduced immediate danger. tries to recognize and treat first symptoms of maltreatment. C) Tertiary Prevention: After harm has occurred. Removes a child from the abusive situation. Jail the perpetrator, get them treatment, etc. What disorder is caused by inflammation of the airways? correct answer: Asthma What is the definition of the principle of classification? correct answer: The understanding that objects can be classified into groups What test is designed to measure one's knowledge about a subject? correct answer: Achievement test Know the major characteristics of ADHD and Dyslexia. correct answer: ??? What defines the phenomenon known as the Flynn Effect? correct answer: Over the past 100 years IQ scores have increased. Caused by- Better health, better schools and smaller families. This has made education better for children What does hidden curriculum refer to? correct answer: The unrecognized lessons and values that children learn at school (ex. Discipline, outside activities, student government) According to lecture, being able to think about one's thinking process is called what? correct answer: Theory of mind In Freud's psychosexual stages of development what is the latency stage and who experiences it? correct answer: Latency stage is where sexual desires have gone dormant and emotional drives are quieter so energy may be used on advancing cognitive skills and assimilate culture values. 3rd stage. Ages 6-12. What is one doing when engaging in social comparison? correct answer: Comparing oneself to peers in the area, which lowers self-esteem When is self-esteem typically at its lowest? correct answer: *Elementary Kids* ages 7-11 Be familiar with the term resilience. correct answer: Being able to recover from some severe stress and resilience within oneself. Resilience is: a dynamic process encompassing positive adaptation within the context of significant adversity. Thought to be somewhat genetic and part of the personality Know well the defining features of family structure, family function, nuclear family, and extended family. correct answer: Family structure:legal and genetic relationships between family members. Extended family: nuclear family plus additions family members. Be able to recognize an example of a withdrawn-neglected child, bully-victim, and aggressive-rejected child. correct answer: Victims are anxious, depressed, underachieving and has damaged self- esteem, withdrawn- rejected. Be familiar with all information pertaining to bullying from the lecture (hint: be able to define it, understand how it varies across gender, know its consequences, and how to effectively stop it) correct answer: A) Define- Repeated systematic attempts to harm a child thru physical, verbal, or social attack, it's universal, and harms the victim and the aggressor B) Victims/targets of bullies- Withdrawn, rejected, especially vulnerable, usually same gender C) Consequences: Bullied children are anxious, depressed, and have damaged self-esteem. D) How to stop it: change the social climate of schools and have teachers/students prevent attacks When one seeks pleasure and avoids pain they are participating in what type of morality? correct answer: preconventional morality