Praxis 5134 Latest Update Graded A+

Praxis 5134 Latest Update Graded A+ warp vertical threads on a loom weft horizontal threads on a loom caryatid a female figure that functions as a supporting column, used in greek architecture Telamon The later male counterpart of the caryatid Discobolus a discus thrower, or a statue of a discus thrower (Greek) Kouroi free-standing statues of nude male youths in Archaic Greek art. Rigid frontal, clenched fists (greek) The layout and design of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, China, are intended mainly as a symbolic expression of the connection between imperial and cosmic orders arabesque ornate design featuring intertwined curves shown in islamic mosaics John Constable English landscape painter. Used local color stippled with white to demonstrate shifting atmosphere and changing seasons. Daguerreotype a photograph taken by an early photographic process employing an iodine-sensitized silvered plate and mercury vapor.Is famous for being able to be reproduce multiple times Institutionalism that an object can only be considered art within the framework of the art world, defined primarily—but not exclusively—by museums and galleries. Conceptual Art reject traditional notions of what constitutes a work of art. Concepts and ideas are valued over standard visual art conventions. A major component of this artistic viewpoint is the lack of concern with the creation of physical objects that can be sold in the art marketplace and that art doesn't need to be marketable Engraving Before photography it was most often used to reproduce original artwork, such as a painting, in the form of a printed image Copyright Rules Artists who incorporate copyrighted source material into their own work (for example using digital Web images for a collage) should be aware of fair use regulations. Public domain images are safe to use, as are images intended for personal or classroom use only. It is generally considered acceptable for an artist to appropriate a copyrighted image in an artwork, provided that the image is repurposed to create a valid parody of the original copyrighted work. approximate symmetrical When divided in half on a vertical axis one side of an artwork is similar or almost the same as the other side Op Art (Optical Art) creates the illusion of intense motion through the use of pattern Repoussé popular during the Bronze Age of Greece, involves pounding a sheet of metal from the back to create a low relief Frank Lloyd Wright Considered America's greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a building should blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs. Designed Guggenheim Neoclassical Art Emphasized a RETURN TO THE PAST with MORAL THEMES and ideas from CLASSIC GREEK/ROMAN stuff. Arts and Craft Movement was a revolt against the mass-produced goods developed during the Industrial Revolution. The decorative and fine arts movement favored traditional craftsmanship and often featured medieval and folk art designs. Acid-free paper is a type of paper that when infused in water yields a neutral, or basic, pH. It does not deteriorate and therefore addresses the problem of preserving documents and artwork for long periods. How to dispose linseed oil rags Linseed oil-soaked rags may present a dangerous fire hazard because of the oxidation of the concentrated oil, which heats up in an enclosed space and may result in spontaneous combustion. Extreme caution should be exercised when disposing of these materials. Jeff Koons is known for appropriating nostalgic kitsch objects into his sculptural work. His Balloon Dog sculptures, for example, are enormous stainless steel replicas of a cheap inflated souvenir one might find at a carnival. How to hang art in a museum Professional galleries and museums aim to hang works at eye level for the average height, which measures 60 inches from the center of the artwork to the floor. Spiral Jetty is a site-specific earthwork sculpture created by Robert Smithson in 1970. André Breton founder and the author of the Surrealist Manifesto, which defines Surrealism as the "pure psychic automatism by which it is intended to express, either verbally or in writing, the true function of thought." Dynamic range measures the scale of light and dark in a photograph. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) contain information on the potential hazards of materials and how to work safely with them. Cloisonné decorative work in which enamel, glass, or gemstones are separated by strips of flattened wire placed edgeways on a metal backing. Futurism was a wide-ranging art and social movement of the early twentieth century in Italy. It embraced the modernity of the industrial city, including the dynamic power of machinery. The Guerrilla Girls established in the mid-1980s. They wear gorilla masks to hide their identity and "use facts, humor, and outrageous visuals to expose gender and ethnic bias as well as corruption in politics, art, film, and pop culture." The ASTM is an international organization that sets safety requirements and publishes standards for consumer products, including art supplies. Lithograph In comparison to works made by letterpress, aquatint, or engraving, which are all produced through the transfer of ink from a cut surface, a ____ is made from a surface that is left uncut. Foundry Metal casting is best performed here, an establishment where metal is melted and poured into molds. Water in Acid Etching Baths When _____ is poured into acid, an exothermic chemical reaction releases heat, which may cause vigorous boiling and splashing. When acid is diluted with _____, the cautionary rule to always add the acid to the _____ is an important safety measure. Megaliths Structures and complexes of very large stones constructed for ceremonial and religious purposes in Neolithic times. Time-lapse photography is a technique where the subject is shot from the same location in intervals of one second or more. It creates the illusion of sped-up time (for example, a fast-moving sunrise). Plaster of Paris calcium sulfate; a white powdery substance which forms a quick-setting paste when mixed with water. May cause severe burns if it comes into direct contact with skin when it sets. Batik is a method of dyeing fabric in which patterned areas are covered with wax that will resist the dye. Principles of Design -Balance -Contrast -Movement -Emphasis -Pattern -Unity Elements of Design -texture -space -form Egg Tempura created by adding egg yolks and pigments, used as a water-soluble binder, can add water, white wine or vinegar to keep dried paint from cracking. Dries very quickly, colors won't fade over time, only used on wood or masonite panels. Drying oils made from linseed or poppy oil, can be added to oil paints to decrease drying time and make the paint thinner Glazing used in oil painting that layers transparent colors over a dried opaque color, each layer much dry before adding another on top. Is commonly used for skin tones. Alla Prima direct painting wet paint onto wet paint trompe l'oeil visual illusion in art, especially as used to trick the eye into perceiving a painted detail as a three-dimensional object. one point perspective a perspective system with a single vanishing point on the horizon Printmaking tools -brayer -burnisher -plate -gouge Brayer a robber roller used to roll ink out and onto the printmaking surface Burnisher smooth metal tool, used to smooth intaglio printing plates. Polishes the metal surface to reduce it's ability to hold ink. Gouge used in relief printmaking to cut away parts that won't hold ink. Comes in many sizes and shapes like U or V and can be used on wood and linoleum Intaglio Any printing process in which the ink sits below the surface of the plate into a carved image, lines are cut by a burin (hand tool) or through etching (chemical process) Lithography uses a greasy crayon to write on a stone, the wipes nitric acid and gum arabic on the stone. The artist then oil based ink onto the stone, presses the paper to the stone and the drawing transfers to the paper. (The ink will only stick to the greasy areas) relief printing printmaking techniques in which the image is printed from the raised areas of the printmaking block. bas-relief low-relief sculpture, has shallow depth and isn't raised from the background (coins) Haut Relief more than half of the form is projecting from the background, many greek sculptors used this technique Most used types of clay -porcelain (made with kaolin, is pure white, hard nonporous, and translucent) -earthenware (terra cotta, earliest used, more porous and less-durable) -stoneware (light-gray or brown colors, nonporous, more opaque) Mannerism Style Elongated limbs, post renaissance, focused more on style than the meaning of the subjects Neoclassicism A style of art and architecture that emerged in the later 18th century. Part of a general revival of interest in classical cultures, Neoclassicism was characterized by the utilization of themes and styles from ancient Greece and Rome. Deconstruction Criticism Theory looks at many potential meanings behind an artwork, even if some might conflict w/ each other. Finding underlying meaning Expression Aesthetic Theory focuses on how artist is expressing their emotions through the work