MUS 505 Final Comprehensive Exam Latest

MUS 505 Final Comprehensive Exam Latest Janet Jackson - Sister to Michael Jackson, followed his example as singing and dancing pop star. Not a virtuosic singer, pioneered a more reserved, intimate vocal style. Videos and live shows feature complex choreography and visuals. Worked with producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis who experimented with drum machines and synths. Early music and innovative fusion of rhythm and blues, rap, vocals, funk, disco, and synthesized percussion. 1986 album Control spawned 7 hit singles, asserted her independence from the Jackson family. ("Control" - 1986). Considered a small singer. Rock and roll - Brought styles previously on the margins to the mainstream, including rhythm and blues and country music. Not a "new" style, not a single style. It was a marketing term for identifying an audience. Appealed to teenagers (baby boomers) because it was a symbol of rebellion. Coined by Alan Freed as a marketing term to make black music more appealing to white station managers. A term usually used to describe the popular teen-oriented music of the 1950s to the early 1960s, as opposed to the more consciously artistic "rock" that developed from the mid-1960s on. Rockabilly - A vigorous form of country and western music informed by the rhythms of black R&B and electric blues. This genre is exemplified by Carl Perkins and the young Elvis Presley. Standards - A popular song of the 1910s to the 1940s (Tin Pan Alley Songs) that has been recorded many times, to the point where it has reached iconic status. They are known by the majority of the mainstream population, follow a familiar formula. British Invasion - Began Feb. 9th, with The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show. Viewed by 73 million. British groups occupied #1 pop for 52 weeks between 1964 & '65. Example bands: The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Who, The Kinks. Each of these bands synthesized African-American blues and rock'n'roll and sold it back to the home culture as popular music, with a bit of exoticism mixed in. Latin Pop - Latin pop refers to pop music that contains sounds or influence from Latin America, but it can also mean pop music from anywhere in the Spanish-speaking world. Latin pop usually combines upbeat Latin music with American pop music. Latin pop is commonly associated with Spanish-language pop, rock, and dance music. Countrypolitan - A popular style of country music that emerged in Nashville in the mid-1960s and combines elements of traditional country with mainstream pop sounds. Popular performers in the style included Glen Campbell and Kenny Rogers. Nashville sound - sophisticated phrasing and articulation, background vocals, strings, rhythm section, honky tonk piano. Contrasts with hillbilly music Gospel - Religious-themed popular music performed by both white and African American musicians. White groups such as the Carter Family performed restrained versions of traditional American Hymns. Black groups drew their inspiration from the enthusiastic, deeply felt singing of black church choirs. Soul Music - A combination of the intensity of African American gospel with popular R&B styles, exemplified in the late 1960s recordings of Aretha Franklin and James Brown. What is a spiritual song? - An oral tradition of Christian-themed songs created by slaves in the US that told Old Testament stories while also describing the hardships of slavery, often in "double-coded" language, by unaccompanied, solo, or group singing. What is a gospel song? - Emerges in the 1920s as original Christian songs written as worship music for performances in church services that were usually in tune with pop music at the time to attract a younger group of people into the church. Broadway - Continue in the classic mode. Important musicals from the 1960s include West Side Story, Bye Bye Birdie, and Fiddler on the Roof, which were also made into movies and successful soundtrack albums. Rock-informed musicals include Hair and Jesus Christ Superstar. Urban Folk - Music that is orally transmitted and closely bound up with the daily lives and customs of local communities. A popular music style of the late 1950s and early 1960s as a distinct form from rock'n'roll and pop, featuring guitar playing singer/songwriters who often addressed topical issues (Revived by Bob Dylan in the early 1960s). Folk rock - Other musicians quickly seized on the commercial success of the Byrds and Dylan, and began combining folk with pop-rock instrumentation. Simon and Garfunkel: start as a straight up acoustic folk group, find commercial success by adding electric instruments to their recordings ("The Sound of Silence" in 1964). Adapted by Fleetwood Mac. Country Rock - Late 1960s "back to basics"/"return to roots" approach as an alternative to/reaction against psychedelia. Combines the instruments, energy and spirit of rock'n'roll with elements of country music. Musical elements: acoustic instruments, including fiddles and banjos but with rock drums and electric guitar; live-focused recordings, rather than studio experimentation; standard country lyrical themes of love, heartbreak, and nostalgia (Bob Dylan, The Byrds, Creedance Clear Water Revival, The Band, Neil Young. Psychedelic rock - Pertaining to or causing a state of extreme calm, heightened senses, aesthetic perception, and hallucination and distortion of perception. Musical characteristics: disorienting sounds, surreal imagery in lyrics, non-instrumental noises, trance inducing drones, studio manipulation, "not-live" recording styles. San Francisco Sound - A centre for "beat" and gay culture. LSD experiments conducted at the university in the mid-1960s. Peak period: "Summer of Love" 1967, distinct musical culture developed. Musicians interested in drone-based, meditative, trance-inducing music that mirrored/enhanced the cannabis and LSD experience. Focus on long jam sessions with open-ended forms and group improv. Intense involvement of audience: band and listeners were on a "shared trip". Key bands: Jefferson Airplane, Santana, The Grateful Dead. Singer Songwriter - 1960s/70s genre characterized by acoustic-based performers who write and sing their own songs. Outgrowth of folk music revival. Focus on authentic, unmediated expression: intimate, confessional, personal, serious, storytelling songs. Stripped-down acoustic-based accompaniment (soft rock or folk). Focus on lyrics and melody, not instrumental proves or music production. Informal folk-like performance style. Audience: mature adult themes, not teen-oriented. Main instruments: acoustic guitar, piano. Expected for rock artists. Funk - R&B style of late 1960/early 70s featuring stripped-down, repetitive, riff-based grooves. Re-africanization of pop music: reducing European song forms, replacing them with cyclical, dance-focused forms. Pioneered by James Brown. Musical characteristics: decreased emphasis on melody, harmony, form, and lyrics (sound over sense); prioritizing polyrhythmic dance rhythms; foreground role for bass and drums; made for dancing and "getting down." Often political - either over lyrics or simply by being the "soundtrack" of the black power movement. Became the "sample library" for hip hop. Psychedelic Soul - musical style from late 1960s that blended psychedelic rock and soul music with socially engaged lyrics. Appealed to the white, rock-buying public by bringing a drug informed, experimental ethos to funk music. (Sly and the Family Stone and Jimi Hendrix. Soft Soul - Developed by Philadelphia International Records - heavily orchestrated, lush string arrangements, non-political, smooth, romantic, latin percussion. Prog Rock - Outgrowth of psychedelic rock in UK, expanding limitations of popular music and aspiring to create serious music. Less emphasis on blues; greater influence of classical music. Longer compositions. Sophisticated musical elements: metric/tempo/dynamic changes, asymmetrical phrasing, harmonic and timbral extensions. Instrumental virtuosity: extended improvised and composed passages. Integration: thematic coherence within tunes and sometimes albums. Lyrics: cosmic, abstract, or mystical themes (avoidance of romantic themes or sexual prowess). Spectacle: album covers, stage designs, light shows, costumes. (King Crimson, Genesis, Gentle Giant, Pink Floyd, Rush). Heavy Metal - A guitar-led style of blues-favoured rock in the early 1970s featuring dense textures, extremely loud volumes, and intense vocals. Centered around displays of power: hyper-masculinity, aggression, loud volume, prominent guitar parts with amplified distortion. Pioneered by groups like Led Zeppelin, The MC5 and Black Sabbath, heavy metal has developed into various streams over the decades including hardcore, speed metal, thrash, and so on. Glam Rock - Hard rock genre popular in early 1970s, mostly in UK. Artists wore costumes, makeup and created fictitious stage personas. Re-imagined rock as "theatre". Complex stage shows and influences from opera, ballet, horror movies, and "alternative" sexualities. Legacy carried on into 1980s "hair metal" (David Bowie, Alice Cooper, Queen, Kiss). Punk - A mid-to late-1970s movement rebelling against disco and the popular rock acts of the day. It was a stripped-down and often purposefully "nonmusical" version of rock music, with lyrics that stressed the ironic or dark dimensions of the human experience. Southern Rock - a subgenre of rock music and a genre of Americana. It developed in the Southern United States from rock and roll, country music, and blues, and is focused generally on electric guitar and vocals. "many people feel that these important contributors to the development of rock and roll have been minimized in rock's history." New Wave of British - Musical movement based in the US and UK in late 1970s and early 1980s. Shared certain punk elements (faster tempos, stripped down arrangements, alienated lyrics, DIY-ethos) but was more experimental and mixed with other genres (funk, disco, reggae, and ska). Fused synthesizers, sequencers, and drum machines with conventional "rock" instruments. Often dance focused. (Talking Heads, Blondie, Elvis Costello, Devo, and the B-52s).