Exam (elaborations)

PYC4805 Developmental Psychology Comprehensive Notes and Exam Summaries

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Course
Developmental Psychology (PYC4805)

Institution
University Of South Africa (Unisa)

Make your Psychology Honours journey at Unisa easy with these meticulously crafted comprehensive summary and exam notes. Achieve academic excellence with a Cum Laude distinction as you delve into the intricacies of Developmental Psychology. Our notes, tailored for Chapter seven on Expanding Social ...

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Uploaded on February 7, 2024
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pyc4805

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PYC 4805

Developmental
Psychology
CHAPTER SEVEN
Expanding social horizons: Socio-emotional
development in middle school
Theme 1 – The need for popularity and the advent of
social media influence during adolescence
Theme 2 – Dimensions and styles of parenting and its
influence on adolescent development

• Departmental instructions
• Summaries of themes
• Exam style essays
• Multiple choice questions for studying
• Memorandum explaining correct answers

QUEEN KATHERINE’S HONOURS PSYCHOLOGY NOTES

, PYC4805–Developmental Psychology All rights reserved. P a g e |1

The Following Notes are Available in This Series –
only purchase the chapters you need!
✓ Chapter one – The study of human development
Theme 1 – Issues in human development
Theme 2 – Developmental theories

✓ Chapter two – Biological foundations: Heredity, prenatal
development and birth
Theme 1 – Evaluation of threats during a sensitive period and how development can be
harmed and possibly corrected

✓ Chapter Three – Tools for exploring the world: Physical,
perceptual and motor development
Theme 1 – Competency of newborns and infants
Theme 2 – Locomotor development and the toddler’s emerging sense of self

✓ Chapter four – The emergence of thought and language:
Cognitive development in infancy and early childhood
Theme 1 – Critical comparison of Piaget and Vygotsky’s views on the promotion of
cognitive development
Theme 2 – Information processing during infancy and early childhood and the
connections between emotional, cognitive and social development

✓ Chapter five – Entering the social world: Socioemotional
development in infancy and early childhood
Theme 1 – Erikson’s early stages of psychosocial development
Theme 2 – Development pf attachment from infancy to preschool
Theme 3 – Gender roles and gender identity

✓ Chapter six – Off to school: Cognitive and physical
development in middle school
Theme 1 – Cognitive development in middle school
Theme 2 – Intelligence in middle childhood

✓ Chapter seven – Expanding social horizons: Socioemotional
development in middle school
Theme 1 – The need for popularity and the advent of social media influence during
adolescence
Theme 2 – Dimensions and styles of parenting and its influence on adolescent
development

✓ Chapter eight – Rites of passage: Physical and cognitive
development in adolescence
Theme 1 – Physical and cognitive development in adolescence

Prepared by QUEEN KATHERINE for Psychology Honours Developmental Psychology

, PYC4805–Developmental Psychology All rights reserved. P a g e |2

✓ Chapter nine – Moving into the adult social world:
Socioecmotional development in adolescence
Theme 1 – Identity and self-esteem

✓ Chapter ten – Becoming an adult: Physical, cognitive and
personality development in young adulthood
Theme 1 – Evaluation of emerging adulthood
Theme 2 – Cognitive development: Intelligence in adults
Theme 3 – Personality in young adulthood

✓ Chapter Eleven – Being with others: Relationships in young
and middle childhood
Theme 1 – Relationships in young and middle adulthood
Theme 2 – Life styles and relationships

✓ Chapter twelve – Working and relaxing
Theme 1 – Work and family
Theme 2 – Leisure activities adulthood

✓ Chapter thirteen – Making it in midlife: The biopshological
challenges of middle adulthood
Theme 1 – Stress and coping in adulthood according to Richard Lazarus and Susan
Folkman’s paradigm
Theme 2 – Cognitive development
Theme 3 – Personality development

✓ Chapter fourteen – The personal context of later life:
Physical, cognitive, and mental health issues
Theme 1 – Genetic and environmental factors in average longevity
Theme 2 – Biological theories of ageing
Theme 3 – Changes in cognitive processes

✓ Chapter fifteen – Social aspects of later life: Psychosocial,
retirement, relationship, and societal issues
Theme 1 – Evaluation of emerging adulthood
Theme 2 – Integrity and well-being in late life
Theme 3 - Retirement

✓ Chapter Sixteen – Dying and bereavement
Theme 1 – Thinking about death
Theme 2 – The grieving process
Theme 3 – Dying and bereavement experiences across the life span

Prepared by QUEEN KATHERINE for Psychology Honours Developmental Psychology

, PYC4805–Developmental Psychology All rights reserved. P a g e |3

Chapter seven
Expanding social horizons:
Socioemotional development in middle childhood

Theme 1 - The need for popularity and the advent of social media
influence during adolescence

Guidelines
Focus on friendships, popularity, as well as the use of social media and the implications
of wanting to fit in and be well liked by peers. What are the positive and negative
consequences for adolescent development?
Hint: Your discussion must be substantiated by reference to relevant research findings.

Friendships in general
Most friends are alike in age, gender, and race (Hamm, 2000; Mehta & Strough, 2009).

• Because children typically play with peers of the same gender, boys and girls
rarely become friends.
• Friendships are more common between children and adolescents from the same
race or ethnic group than between those from different groups.
• Friendships among children of different groups are more common in schools
when a child’s school is racially diverse.
o Such friendships are valuable: children from majority groups typically
form more positive attitudes toward a minority group following a
friendship with a youth from that group (Turner & Cameron, 2016).
o Children in cross-group friendships are less often targets of relational
aggression (Kawabata & Crick, 2011).
• Friendships among pre-schoolers are based on mutual liking. As children grow,
loyalty, trust, and intimacy become more important features in their friendships.
Friends are usually similar in age, sex, and attitudes. Children with friends are
more skilled socially and are better adjusted.

Popularity in general
• Besides being alike in age, gender, and race, friends also tend to be alike in
popularity: highly popular youngsters befriend popular peers and avoid
friendships with less popular peers (Dijkstra, Cillessen, & Borch, 2013).
• In addition, friends have similar attitudes toward school, recreation, and problem
behaviours like breaking rules and using drugs.

Prepared by QUEEN KATHERINE for Psychology Honours Developmental Psychology

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