QCAA chemistry Unit 4 Topic 1: Properties and structure of organic mater/ 2024/25 exam prediction paper, RATED A+ials, Questions and answers/

QCAA chemistry Unit 4 Topic 1: Properties and structure of organic materials, Questions and answers/ What are the two types of structural isomers? Positional isomer: Where a functional group is bonded at different locations on an organic molecule. Chain isomer: Where an organic molecule contains branching. A geometric isomer is a type of ______isomer Stereoisomer What is a geometric isomer? A molecule with the same structural formula but with different arrangement of atoms in space as a result of restricted movement (normally due to double bonding). What are the two types of geometric isomers WITH location of functional groups/hydrocarbon chains Cis-isomer: The functional groups/hydrocarbon chains are on the same side of the hydrocarbon chain Trans-isomer: The functional groups/hydrocarbon chains are on the opposite side of the hydrocarbon chain Recall the 12 hydrocarbon derivative classes and the functional groups present that are required for QCAA alkane: N/A, alkene: N/A, alkyne: N/A, haloalkane: halogen, alcohol: hydroxyl, aldehyde: carbonyl, ketone: carbonyl, carboxylic acid: carboxyl, ester: carboxylate, amine: amino, amide: carboxamide, nitrile: nitrile What are the terms primary, secondary or tertiary used for when describing different functional groups such as haloalkanes and alcohols Primary: The carbon atom attached to the functional group is only bonded to one other carbon atom. Secondary: The carbon atom attached to the functional group is bonded to two other carbon atoms. Tertiary: The carbon atom attached to the functional grou