AP GOVERNMENT REVIEW SET Latest Study.

10th Amendment - correct answer Powers not expressly given to federal government by the Constitution are reserved to states or the people. Also known as "reserved powers amendment" or "states' rights amendment" 13th Amendment - correct answer Abolished slavery. First of three "Reconstruction Amendments" passed after Civil War (1865-70) 14th Amendment - correct answer (1) All persons born in the U.S. are citizens; (2) no person can be deprived of life, liberty or property without DUE PROCESS OF LAW; (3) no state can deprive a person of EQUAL PROTECTION of the laws. Second of three "Reconstruction Amendments" passed after Civil War. 15th Amendment - correct answer States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race. Third of three "Reconstruction Amendments" passed after Civil War. First Voting Rights Amendment (with 19, 24 & 26) 16th Amendment - correct answer Power of Congress to tax income 17th Amendment - correct answer Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures) 19th Amendment - correct answer States cannot deny the right to vote based on gender 1st Amendment - correct answer Freedom of religion (establishment & free exercise clauses), speech, press, assembly, and petition. 22nd Amendment - correct answer Limits the president to two terms. 23rd Amendment - correct answer Gives Washington DC electoral college votes as if it were a state (DC still has no representation in Congress) 24th Amendment - correct answer Abolishes poll taxes 26th Amendment - correct answer States cannot deny the right to vote based on age (18+) 2nd Amendment - correct answer Right to arm bears. Supported by National Rifle Association interest group & Republican Party. 4th Amendment - correct answer No "unreasonable" searches and seizures. Exclusionary rule (Weeks v. US, Mapp v. Ohio) 5th Amendment - correct answer (1) No Self-Incrimination (Miranda) (2) No Double Jeopardy (defendant cannot be tried again on the same, or similar charges) (3) No deprivation of life liberty or property without "due process of law" (fair treatment) 6th Amendment - correct answer The right to counsel in criminal trials. Gideon v. Wainwright held that states must provide indigent defendants with a free lawyer ("public defender"). Right to jury in criminal trials. 7th Amendment - correct answer Right to jury in civil trials. 8th Amendment - correct answer Government cannot inflict cruel and unusual punishment. Meaning of "cruel" based on "evolving standards of decency that mark the progress of a maturing society." Categorical bans on death penalty: juveniles, retarded, non-murder crimes... 9th Amendment - correct answer Unenumerated Rights Amendment. Citizens have unenumerated rights in addition to those stated in the Constitution. Not been developed by Supreme Court (too open ended) Constitution - correct answer A nation's basic law, creates political institutions, assigns or divides power in government and often provides certain guarantees to citizens. Can be written or unwritten. Agents of Socialization - correct answer Family (most important); TV/media (growing in importance); friends/peers; school (formal socialization). How we develop (absorb) opinions & beliefs. American Political Culture - correct answer A set of basic, foundational values and beliefs about government that is shared by most citizens. Key elements: democracy, equality before the law, limited government, capitalism & private property Anti-Federalists - correct answer A group who opposed the ratification of the Constitution in 1787. They opposed a strong central government (tyranny) and supported states' rights. "I smell a rat!" Articles of Confederation - correct answer Set up the 1st independent American government (1783-88). Nonbinding "league of friendship" among sovereign states with weak central government to help with