HUBS 191 Progress Test 1 Questions and Correct
Answers.214 Questions and Answers. Complete
Solution Updated 2024/2025.
What makes up the axial skeleton?
skull, vertebral column, rib cage
What is recruitment?
activating more motor units to make more force
What are flat bones?
Thin plates of compact bone - some cancellous
What are flat bones used for?
protection and muscle attachment
What are irregular bones?
Variable in shape size and function
What is depolarisation?
Membrane potential becomes less negative
what causes depolarisation?
Na+ enters the cell
What are the features of the saddle joint?
- biaxial
- flexion and extension
- abduction and adduction
- circumduction
- opposition
- e.g. carpometacarpal joint (thumb)
What does skeletal muscle do?
- develop force
- control posture
- resist movement of joints
- under voluntary control
- provide support and protection for soft internal organs
- voluntary control over major openings
- converts energy (in part) to heat to maintain core temperature
- provide a major store for energy and protein
What is membrane potential typical value?
-70mV
What maintains the membrane potential?
sodium potassium pump
what does a neutraliser muscle do?
eliminate an unwanted movement caused by another muscle
What is hypotonic? what does it cause?
too much water in ECF causes cell to swell
what is a continuous variable?
, a variable that can take on any value
where is the pubis located?
anterior aspect of the pelvic girdle
articulates with the other pubis to form the pubic symphysis
what is the structure of fibrocartilage?
collagen fibres form bundles throughout matrix
orientation of fibres align with stresses
function is to resist compression and tension
what is plantar flexion?
toes pointing to the ground
how is contraction of a muscle terminated?
Ca2+ levels fall in sarcoplasm
what is a categorical variable?
can summarise variables into categories or groups
what is inversion of the foot?
sole of foot faces towards midline
what are the features of the ball and socket joint?
- multiaxial
- flexion and extension
- abduction and adduction
- circumduction
- rotation
- e.g. shoulder and hip
what are the conditions of the 2008 Human Tissue Act?
1. voluntary donation of bodies
2. requires dual signed consent by donor and immediate family member
3. most bodies are held for ~18 months, parts can be held longer for teaching and
research
what is the primary centre of ossification?
diaphysis or shaft
what happens once ADP and Pi are released from the myosin head?
the myosin head flexes causing the power stroke
how does the myosin head become recocked?
myosin ATPase hydrolyses ATP to ADP and Pi
what are the three types of muscle action?
concentric, isometric, eccentric
what does a third class lever do?
provide a large range of movement and speed, i.e flexion at elbow joint
what are the two main types of cartilage?
hyaline (articular) and fibrocartilage
what is a triad?
a membrane triplet, t-tubule and 2 terminal cisternae
what are the two types of actin? what is the difference?
g-actin is a globular protein the globules assemble to form filamentous protein strands
called f-actin. Each thin filament is a twisted strand of 2 rows of f-actin terminating at the
z lines.
Answers.214 Questions and Answers. Complete
Solution Updated 2024/2025.
What makes up the axial skeleton?
skull, vertebral column, rib cage
What is recruitment?
activating more motor units to make more force
What are flat bones?
Thin plates of compact bone - some cancellous
What are flat bones used for?
protection and muscle attachment
What are irregular bones?
Variable in shape size and function
What is depolarisation?
Membrane potential becomes less negative
what causes depolarisation?
Na+ enters the cell
What are the features of the saddle joint?
- biaxial
- flexion and extension
- abduction and adduction
- circumduction
- opposition
- e.g. carpometacarpal joint (thumb)
What does skeletal muscle do?
- develop force
- control posture
- resist movement of joints
- under voluntary control
- provide support and protection for soft internal organs
- voluntary control over major openings
- converts energy (in part) to heat to maintain core temperature
- provide a major store for energy and protein
What is membrane potential typical value?
-70mV
What maintains the membrane potential?
sodium potassium pump
what does a neutraliser muscle do?
eliminate an unwanted movement caused by another muscle
What is hypotonic? what does it cause?
too much water in ECF causes cell to swell
what is a continuous variable?
, a variable that can take on any value
where is the pubis located?
anterior aspect of the pelvic girdle
articulates with the other pubis to form the pubic symphysis
what is the structure of fibrocartilage?
collagen fibres form bundles throughout matrix
orientation of fibres align with stresses
function is to resist compression and tension
what is plantar flexion?
toes pointing to the ground
how is contraction of a muscle terminated?
Ca2+ levels fall in sarcoplasm
what is a categorical variable?
can summarise variables into categories or groups
what is inversion of the foot?
sole of foot faces towards midline
what are the features of the ball and socket joint?
- multiaxial
- flexion and extension
- abduction and adduction
- circumduction
- rotation
- e.g. shoulder and hip
what are the conditions of the 2008 Human Tissue Act?
1. voluntary donation of bodies
2. requires dual signed consent by donor and immediate family member
3. most bodies are held for ~18 months, parts can be held longer for teaching and
research
what is the primary centre of ossification?
diaphysis or shaft
what happens once ADP and Pi are released from the myosin head?
the myosin head flexes causing the power stroke
how does the myosin head become recocked?
myosin ATPase hydrolyses ATP to ADP and Pi
what are the three types of muscle action?
concentric, isometric, eccentric
what does a third class lever do?
provide a large range of movement and speed, i.e flexion at elbow joint
what are the two main types of cartilage?
hyaline (articular) and fibrocartilage
what is a triad?
a membrane triplet, t-tubule and 2 terminal cisternae
what are the two types of actin? what is the difference?
g-actin is a globular protein the globules assemble to form filamentous protein strands
called f-actin. Each thin filament is a twisted strand of 2 rows of f-actin terminating at the
z lines.
