MDC 2 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED

MDC 2 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED Benign cells Normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time Benign Cell Features o Harmless o Do not usually require intervention o Slow growing o Tight Adherence o Specific morphology o Small nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio o Specific differentiated functions o Tight adherence o Orderly growth o No migration o Normal chromosomes Benign cell looks similar to a healthy cell Examples of Benign cells o Skin Tag o Mole o Nasal Polyp o Uterine Fibroids o Endometriosis Malignant cells indicates cancer and can be harmful to normal body tissues and result in death Malignant cell features o Large nucleus o Migration o Doesn't stop and replicates (No contact inhibition) o Loose adherence o Rapid or continuous cell division o Loss of cellular regulation o Abnormal chromosomes ( or 23) Seven warning signs of cancer o C-Change in bowel or bladder patterns o A-A sore that doesn't heal o U-Unusual bleeding or d/c o. T-Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere o I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing o O-Obvious change in wart or mole o N-Nagging cough or hoarseness Cancer development stages of malignancy o Initiation o Promotion o Progression o Metastasis Initiation (Stage of malignancy) Normal cells are damaged and irreversible Promotion Repeated exposureEnhances growth of malignant cells Progression Increase in production of malignant cells Metastasis Cells move from primary site to the rest of the body Carcinogenesis/oncogenesis cancer development Cancer classification o Grading o Ploidy o Staging o TNM o Doubling time and mitotic index Grading Looking under microscope and determine