CLC Exam 2024 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED BY NURSING EXAMINERS
How much would it cost to scale up BF efforts to prevent diarrheal illness
6 billion a year worldwide
Maternal Benefits of breastfeeding
decreases risk of:
-HTN
-DM
-high cholesterol
-CV disease
-ovarian and endometrial cancer
3 Strategies to increasing bf
1. Protection
2. Promotion
3. Support
Promotion
Focuses on bf advantages: personally, community wide, country wide, globally
Protection
workplace laws
bf in public
The International Code
Support
healthcare workers
community resources (ex. La Leche)
WIC
CradleMe
Top causes of child death <5 years old
,Pneumonia
Diarrhea (prevented by BF and complementary feeding at 6 months of age)
Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding
1. Written breastfeeding policy
2. Train all healthcare staff in the skills necessary to implement this policy
3. Inform all pregnant women about the benefits and management of breastfeeding
4. Help mothers initiate bf within 30 min of birth
5. Show them how to maintain lactation even if separated from infants
6. Give NB infants no food or drink other than breast milk, unless medically indicated
7. Rooming in 24 hours a day
8. Encourage bf on demand
9. Give no pacifiers or artificial nipples
10. Community support groups for bf
Central step to initiating BF
skin to skin for 1 hour
Why is breastfeeding so difficult?
1. Unrealistic expectations
2. Lack of timely interventions
3. Misunderstanding about why Mom's stop breastfeeding
Greatest risk to stopping bf
Not intervening with Mom's problems on day 3-7
Fastest drop off
10 days post discharge
Reasons Mom's quit bf
Worrying about milk supply
Latching issues
Breast pain / soreness
Return to work / school
Weight gain expectations
, No >7% weight loss from birth
No weight loss after 5-6 days
Back to birth weight by day 12-14 days
Stool
4 on 4 until one month of age
6 wet diapers
Breastfeeding disparities
hospitals in minority neighborhoods do less to promote nursing
Breastfeeding targets
increasing the proportion of employers with worksite lactation programs
reduce the percentage of bf infants who receive formula before 2 days of age
Cells that make milk
alveolar
Surrounds the alveolar cells and squeezes milk out of pocket and into the ducts
(smooth muscle)
myoepithelial cells
Surrounds the myoepithelial cells ; veiny in appearance
capillary network
Secretes milk / colostrum + sebum
montgomery glands
-antimicrobial and sticky
Major lactation hormones
1. Prolactin (anterior pituitary)
2. Oxytocin (posterior pituitary)
Prolactin
all humans have it
increased secretion and increased responsiveness postpartum
T4
innervates the nipples
Intercostal / thoracic nerves (T3 / T5)
innervates the breast
VERIFIED BY NURSING EXAMINERS
How much would it cost to scale up BF efforts to prevent diarrheal illness
6 billion a year worldwide
Maternal Benefits of breastfeeding
decreases risk of:
-HTN
-DM
-high cholesterol
-CV disease
-ovarian and endometrial cancer
3 Strategies to increasing bf
1. Protection
2. Promotion
3. Support
Promotion
Focuses on bf advantages: personally, community wide, country wide, globally
Protection
workplace laws
bf in public
The International Code
Support
healthcare workers
community resources (ex. La Leche)
WIC
CradleMe
Top causes of child death <5 years old
,Pneumonia
Diarrhea (prevented by BF and complementary feeding at 6 months of age)
Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding
1. Written breastfeeding policy
2. Train all healthcare staff in the skills necessary to implement this policy
3. Inform all pregnant women about the benefits and management of breastfeeding
4. Help mothers initiate bf within 30 min of birth
5. Show them how to maintain lactation even if separated from infants
6. Give NB infants no food or drink other than breast milk, unless medically indicated
7. Rooming in 24 hours a day
8. Encourage bf on demand
9. Give no pacifiers or artificial nipples
10. Community support groups for bf
Central step to initiating BF
skin to skin for 1 hour
Why is breastfeeding so difficult?
1. Unrealistic expectations
2. Lack of timely interventions
3. Misunderstanding about why Mom's stop breastfeeding
Greatest risk to stopping bf
Not intervening with Mom's problems on day 3-7
Fastest drop off
10 days post discharge
Reasons Mom's quit bf
Worrying about milk supply
Latching issues
Breast pain / soreness
Return to work / school
Weight gain expectations
, No >7% weight loss from birth
No weight loss after 5-6 days
Back to birth weight by day 12-14 days
Stool
4 on 4 until one month of age
6 wet diapers
Breastfeeding disparities
hospitals in minority neighborhoods do less to promote nursing
Breastfeeding targets
increasing the proportion of employers with worksite lactation programs
reduce the percentage of bf infants who receive formula before 2 days of age
Cells that make milk
alveolar
Surrounds the alveolar cells and squeezes milk out of pocket and into the ducts
(smooth muscle)
myoepithelial cells
Surrounds the myoepithelial cells ; veiny in appearance
capillary network
Secretes milk / colostrum + sebum
montgomery glands
-antimicrobial and sticky
Major lactation hormones
1. Prolactin (anterior pituitary)
2. Oxytocin (posterior pituitary)
Prolactin
all humans have it
increased secretion and increased responsiveness postpartum
T4
innervates the nipples
Intercostal / thoracic nerves (T3 / T5)
innervates the breast
