PUBH 6011 Final Test with A Grade Complete Solutions

PUBH 6011 Final Test with A Grade Complete Solutions 6.1 Understand the major functions of cells and the difference between viruses, bacteria - Answer-Cells -provide structure -take in nutrients -convert nutrients to energy -carry out specialized functions -contain genetic material -grow and divide Viruses -non-living -intracellular parasite -1/1000 size of bacteria (nanometers) -prevented by vaccines -types: naked (polio) and enveloped (easily disrupted with alcohol and sanitizing agents) Bacteria -microns in size -most free living -prevented by antibiotics -morphology: cocci, rod, spirillum, spirochete -categories: gram + and gram - -gram +: stain purple, thick pdg -gram -: stain pink, thin pdg, protected by lipid membrane 6.2 Explain protein synthesis and the role of DNA, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes - Answer-DNA -deoxyribonucleic acid -building block of chromosomes -3 main parts: nucleotide base, phosphate backbone, and sugar -each cell has about 6 feet of DNA -double stranded mRNA -single stranded -carried genetic information copied from DNA tRNA -translates the 3 base code from mRNA Ribosomes -carry our protein synthesis -bind mRNA and tRNA