BOT3015 Quiz 2 Review (UCF) 2024 Exam Answers 100% Correct

BOT3015 Quiz 2 Review (UCF) 2024 Exam Answers 100% Correct What do roots do? - Answer- - Anchor plants into soil - Absorption of water and minerals - Store food or water - Other specialized functions What happens to an embryo's radicle upon germination? - Answer- Radicle grows out and develops into first root. Radicle may develop into thick taproot with thinner branch roots. OR, after radicle formation, adventitious roots may arise that develop into a fibrous root system What are adventitious roots? - Answer- Roots that develop from a stem or leaf What are fibrous roots? - Answer- Large number of fine roots of similar diameter What are the four regions of the root? - Answer- Root cap, region of cell division, region of cell elongation, region of maturation What is the root cap? - Answer- A thimble-shaped mass of parenchyma cells covering each root tip What does the root cap do? - Answer- Protects tissues from damage as root grows and secrete mucilage that acts as lubricant What is gravitropism? - Answer- A plant's response to gravity (gravity perception) What is the region of cell division composed of? - Answer- Apical meristem in the center of the root tip What are the three meristematic areas of the Region of Cell Division? - Answer- Protoderm, ground meristem, procambium What does the protoderm give rise to? - Answer- Epidermis What does the ground meristem give rise to? - Answer- Cortex and pith What does the procambium give rise to? - Answer- Primary xylem and primary phloem What occurs in the Region of Elongation? - Answer- Cells become several times their original length, vacuoles merge What occurs in the region of maturation? - Answer- Cells differentiate into various distinctive cell types, root hairs form What is the cortex? - Answer- Parenchyma cells between epidermis and vascular cylinder What does the cortex do? - Answer- Mostly stores food What is the inner boundary of the cortex? - Answer- Endodermis What does the endodermis consist of? - Answer- Single-layered cylinder of compact cells; cell walls impregnated with suberin and lignin on radial and transverse walls Where as Casparian strips found? - Answer- Endodermis What do Casparian strips do? - Answer- They are strips that force water and other dissolved substances entering and leaving the central core to pass through the endodermis, regulating the types of minerals absorbed Eventually the inner cell walls become thickened with __________, except for passage cells. - Answer- suberin What is the vascular cylinder? - Answer- Core of tissues inside endodermis What is the pericycle? - Answer- Outer boundary of vascular cylinder Most cells of vascular cylinder are made up of what? - Answer- Primary xylem or primary phloem In dicot or conifer roots - Answer- Solid core of xylem with "arms" in cross section What is determinate growth? - Answer- Growth that stops after an organ is fully expanded or after a plant has reached a certain size What is indeterminate growth? - Answer- New tissues are added indefinitely, season after season What are propagative roots? - Answer- Adventitious buds on roots that develop into suckers (aerial stems) What are food storage roots? - Answer- Carbohydrates, starches, sweet potatoes What are water storage roots? - Answer- Pumpkin family, especially in arid regions What are pneumatophores? - Answer- Spongy roots that extend above the water's surface and enhance gas exchange between the atmosphere and subsurface roots What are some examples of aerial roots? - Answer- Orchids, corn ivies What is important to note about parasitic roots? - Answer- Most have no chlorophyll and are dependent on chlorophyll-bearing plants for nutrition What are the main types of parasitic roots? - Answer- Contra