HSC 404, Final Exam Test With Verified
Solutions 2024
1. The population etiologic fraction is a measure of the proportion of the
disease rate in a population attributable to the exposure of interest. This
measure of effect is influenced by: - ANS --the relative risk of the disease in
exposed individuals versus unexposed individuals
AND
-the prevalence of the exposure in the population
2. If it is accepted than an observed association is a causal one, an estimate
of the impact that a successful preventative program might have, can be
derived from: - ANS -attributable risk
,When assessing a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and oral
cancer using a case-control study, increasing the sample size of the study will
result in:
-a lower p value
-a greater odds ratio
-a smaller 95% confidence interval
3. -a higher disease prevalence - ANS --none of the above
4. An attributable-risk percent of 80% was calculated for the association
between smoking and lung cancer death. The best interpretation of this
statistic would be: - ANS -Of those dying of lung cancer who smoke, 80% of
those deaths are attributed to their smoking, assuming a causal association
exists.
5. Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung
cancer are due to cigarette smoking. This is an example of: - ANS -
attributable risk
, 6. Selection bias is most likely to occur in: - ANS -both retrospective cohort
studies and case control studies
7. Recall bias is most likely to occur in: - ANS -case control studies
8. In a study to determine the incidence of chronic disease, 150 people were
examined at the end of a three-year period. Twelve cases were found,
giving a cumulative risk of 8%. Fifty other members of the initial cohort
could not be examined; 20 of these 50 could not be examined because
they died. Which source of bias may have affected the study? - ANS -
selection bias: survival bias
9. You are investigating the role of physical activity in heart disease and
suggest that physical activity protects against having a heart attack. While
presenting these data to your colleagues, someone asks if you could have
thought about confounders such as factor X. This factor X could have
Solutions 2024
1. The population etiologic fraction is a measure of the proportion of the
disease rate in a population attributable to the exposure of interest. This
measure of effect is influenced by: - ANS --the relative risk of the disease in
exposed individuals versus unexposed individuals
AND
-the prevalence of the exposure in the population
2. If it is accepted than an observed association is a causal one, an estimate
of the impact that a successful preventative program might have, can be
derived from: - ANS -attributable risk
,When assessing a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and oral
cancer using a case-control study, increasing the sample size of the study will
result in:
-a lower p value
-a greater odds ratio
-a smaller 95% confidence interval
3. -a higher disease prevalence - ANS --none of the above
4. An attributable-risk percent of 80% was calculated for the association
between smoking and lung cancer death. The best interpretation of this
statistic would be: - ANS -Of those dying of lung cancer who smoke, 80% of
those deaths are attributed to their smoking, assuming a causal association
exists.
5. Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung
cancer are due to cigarette smoking. This is an example of: - ANS -
attributable risk
, 6. Selection bias is most likely to occur in: - ANS -both retrospective cohort
studies and case control studies
7. Recall bias is most likely to occur in: - ANS -case control studies
8. In a study to determine the incidence of chronic disease, 150 people were
examined at the end of a three-year period. Twelve cases were found,
giving a cumulative risk of 8%. Fifty other members of the initial cohort
could not be examined; 20 of these 50 could not be examined because
they died. Which source of bias may have affected the study? - ANS -
selection bias: survival bias
9. You are investigating the role of physical activity in heart disease and
suggest that physical activity protects against having a heart attack. While
presenting these data to your colleagues, someone asks if you could have
thought about confounders such as factor X. This factor X could have
