1. What is the most common initial symptom of
colorectal cancer?
A. Diarrhea
B. Hematemesis
C. Change in bowel habits or occult bleeding
D. Weight gain
Answer: C
Rationale: Colorectal cancer often presents
insidiously with altered bowel habits or blood in
stool.
2. What mechanism is primarily responsible for the
symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?
A. Overproduction of acetylcholine
B. Demyelination of motor neurons
C. Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in
the substantia nigra
D. Inflammation of basal ganglia
Answer: C
,Rationale: Loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra
leads to motor symptoms such as bradykinesia and
tremors.
3. Which lab finding is most consistent with DIC
(Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)?
A. Elevated platelets
B. Normal INR
C. Elevated D-dimer
D. Increased fibrinogen
Answer: C
Rationale: DIC involves widespread clotting and
fibrinolysis, which leads to elevated D-dimer levels.
4. A hallmark of acute inflammation is:
A. Fibrosis
B. Caseation necrosis
C. Neutrophil infiltration
D. Granuloma formation
Answer: C
,Rationale: Neutrophils are the first immune cells to
respond in acute inflammation.
5. What is the underlying mechanism of Grave’s
disease?
A. TSH-secreting pituitary tumor
B. Autoantibodies stimulating the TSH receptor
C. Iodine deficiency
D. Thyroid gland destruction
Answer: B
Rationale: Grave’s disease is an autoimmune
disorder where antibodies mimic TSH and
overstimulate the thyroid.
6. In anemia of chronic disease, which iron study
abnormality is most common?
A. Elevated serum iron
B. Increased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
C. Low ferritin
D. Low serum iron and low TIBC
Answer: D
, Rationale: Anemia of chronic disease typically
presents with low serum iron and low TIBC, with
normal or elevated ferritin.
7. Which hormone is most deficient in central
diabetes insipidus?
A. Aldosterone
B. ADH (vasopressin)
C. Cortisol
D. Thyroxine
Answer: B
Rationale: Central DI is due to a deficiency of
antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to polyuria and
polydipsia.
8. Which type of shock is characterized by high
cardiac output and low systemic vascular
resistance?
A. Cardiogenic
B. Hypovolemic
C. Neurogenic
D. Septic
colorectal cancer?
A. Diarrhea
B. Hematemesis
C. Change in bowel habits or occult bleeding
D. Weight gain
Answer: C
Rationale: Colorectal cancer often presents
insidiously with altered bowel habits or blood in
stool.
2. What mechanism is primarily responsible for the
symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?
A. Overproduction of acetylcholine
B. Demyelination of motor neurons
C. Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in
the substantia nigra
D. Inflammation of basal ganglia
Answer: C
,Rationale: Loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra
leads to motor symptoms such as bradykinesia and
tremors.
3. Which lab finding is most consistent with DIC
(Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)?
A. Elevated platelets
B. Normal INR
C. Elevated D-dimer
D. Increased fibrinogen
Answer: C
Rationale: DIC involves widespread clotting and
fibrinolysis, which leads to elevated D-dimer levels.
4. A hallmark of acute inflammation is:
A. Fibrosis
B. Caseation necrosis
C. Neutrophil infiltration
D. Granuloma formation
Answer: C
,Rationale: Neutrophils are the first immune cells to
respond in acute inflammation.
5. What is the underlying mechanism of Grave’s
disease?
A. TSH-secreting pituitary tumor
B. Autoantibodies stimulating the TSH receptor
C. Iodine deficiency
D. Thyroid gland destruction
Answer: B
Rationale: Grave’s disease is an autoimmune
disorder where antibodies mimic TSH and
overstimulate the thyroid.
6. In anemia of chronic disease, which iron study
abnormality is most common?
A. Elevated serum iron
B. Increased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
C. Low ferritin
D. Low serum iron and low TIBC
Answer: D
, Rationale: Anemia of chronic disease typically
presents with low serum iron and low TIBC, with
normal or elevated ferritin.
7. Which hormone is most deficient in central
diabetes insipidus?
A. Aldosterone
B. ADH (vasopressin)
C. Cortisol
D. Thyroxine
Answer: B
Rationale: Central DI is due to a deficiency of
antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to polyuria and
polydipsia.
8. Which type of shock is characterized by high
cardiac output and low systemic vascular
resistance?
A. Cardiogenic
B. Hypovolemic
C. Neurogenic
D. Septic
