Human Factors Exam 1 Questions And Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed Success.

*Ch 1* The goal of Human Factors and Ergonomics is to improve: - correct answer safety, efficiency, comfort, and productivity *Ch 1* For applications in high-risk domains, which human factors goal has the strongest emphasis? - correct answer safety *Ch 1* The overall goals of human factors engineering include: - correct answer improve safety and performance *Ch 1* What is the aim of Human Factors and Ergonomics? - correct answer studying the fit between people and products, tool, organization, procedures, and environments *Ch 1* T/F Learned intuition can make you a more effective designer. - correct answer FALSE *Ch 1* Systems must be designed to accommodate: - correct answer the range of possible system users *Ch 1* What are the three components of the human factors engineering design cycle? - correct answer understand, evaluate, create *Ch 1* Which of the following are human factors design interventions? - correct answer organization, task, environment, selection, equipment, and training *Ch 1* For applications in the workplace, which human factors goal has the strongest emphasis? - correct answer performance *Ch 1* Physical ergonomics is concerned with ____ NOT _____ - correct answer human anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics characteristics; NOT human memory and perception *Ch 1* Design needs to be: - correct answer evidence based *Ch 1* For applications in consumer products, which human factors goal has the strongest emphasis? - correct answer satisfaction *Ch 1* Human factors engineering makes... - correct answer technology work for all people *Ch 1* Human error is a symptom of... - correct answer poor design *Ch 1* safety - correct answer reducing the risk of injury and death *Ch 1* performance - correct answer increasing productivity, quality and efficiency; reducing errors *Ch 1* satisfaction - correct answer increasing acceptance, comfort, and well being *Ch 1* Which interventions would you consider last? - correct answer training and selection *Ch 1* understand - correct answer accident investigation, observation, taks analysis *Ch 1* create - correct answer task, equipment, environment, training, selection, organization *Ch 1* evaluate - correct answer heuristic evaluation, usability testing, system evaluation *Ch 1* task design - correct answer focuses more on changing what operators do than on changing the devices they use and also involves assigning part or all of tasks to other workers or to automated components *Ch 1* equipment design - correct answer changes physical equipment people work with. EX: apple *Ch 1* environmental design - correct answer changes the physical environment where the tasks are carried out *Ch 1* training - correct answer enhances the knowledge and skills of people by preparing them for the job environment *Ch 1* selection - correct answer changes the makeup of the team or organization by picking people that are best stunned to the job *Ch 1* team and organization design - correct answer changes how groups of people communicate and relate to each other and proves a broad view that includes the organizational climate within which the work is performed *Ch 1* Human factors design includes - correct answer interface, interaction, experience, and organization *Ch 1* The priority of human goals and interventions depends on... - correct answer the application area *Ch 1* engineering psych vs human factors - correct answer EP: a discipline within psychology with the goal of understanding the human mind as it relates to design VS HF: system design, accounting for factors (psychological and physical) that are properties of the human component *Ch 1* cognitive engineering - correct answer focuses on cognitive considerations like context of safety and complex systems and how to manage systems *Ch 1* macroergonomics - correct answer addresses need to consider not just details of particular devices/processes, but the need to consider the overall work system *Ch 1* human systems integration - correct answer considers how designs must consider how people interact with all systems -- focuses on ability of qualified staff based on demographic trends and training requirements *Ch 1* human-computer interaction (HCI) - correct answer user experience and focuses on software *Ch 1* Human factors design also includes - correct answer cognitive, physical, and organizational considerations *Ch 1* History of Human Factors: Who was Taylor? - correct answer started human factors in 1875, father of scientific management, major focus was on how to increase productivity, not safety/user satisfaction *Ch 1* History of Human Factors: Who were Frank and Lillian Gilbreth? - correct answer Frank ex used 2 razors but it was more inefficient. They both had 12 kids - Cheaper by the Dozen. Responsible for kitchens as we know them today. *Ch 1* History of Human Factors: During WWII - correct answer fitting human operator to machine, technology outpaced ability of people to adapt, more pilots died in training than combat. Ex: Boeing 299. this lead to checklists they now use in planes, factory start up, hospitals, etc. *Ch 2* Which type of task analysis data provides info on the physical and social world in which the tasks occur? - correct answer location and environmental context *Ch 2* a task analysis on the flow of patients through an emergency room that emphasizes the order and duration of each task is an example of: - correct answer task sequence *Ch 2* if the focus of your task analysis is on coordinating the communication of baristas for a local coffee shop, which task summary approach would you use? - correct answer task sequence *Ch 2* which development cycle might be best suited for designing a new Homeland Security system for responding to terrorist activity? - correct answer vee *Ch 2* how does defining a persona differ from identifying a users' role? - correct answer it avoids the paradigm of the "elastic user" *Ch 2* T/F: user centered design implies that the user must design the product and has control of the design process - correct answer False *Ch 2* which development cycle might be best suited for designing a fighter jet cockpit? - correct answer vee *Ch 2* if the focus of your task analysis is on supporting decisions with a checklist, which task summary approach would you use? - correct answer task flow *Ch 2* which design tool is best for making ideas concrete to stakeholders and sponsors? - correct answer mockups *Ch 2* which type of task analysis data is a composition of subtasks and groups of tasks combined into functions? - correct answer hierarchical relationships *Ch 2* This type of analysis identifies the relative importance of potential features based on how well they serve the user needs - correct answer quality function deployment *Ch 2* what categories of info are typically collected during a task analysis - correct answer sequence and timing, information flow, location and environmental context, and hierarchical relationships *Ch 2* a task analysis for using an ATM machine that emphasizes which task are being performed concurrently is an example of: - correct answer task flow *Ch 2* decision matrix analysis... - correct answer uses weightings and ratings to assess features, is completed by the users, identifies the relative importance of potential features, and may fail to consider global issues concerning the interactions of each feature *Ch 2* the concept of "design" can include: - correct answer modifying existing products to address human factors problem, implementing safety-related activities, guiding team and organizational design, creating new products or systems, and developing training programs *Ch 2* human factors methods and principles should be applied in which product design phases? - correct answer prototyping, technical design, final test evaluation, and front-end analysis *Ch 2* designing for the range of users and contexts of use is most consistent with what type of approach? - correct answer systems approach *Ch 2* T/F: user experience design extends beyond the interface to include all aspects of users' interaction with a system - correct answer True *Ch 2* which developmental cycle is used for consumer software products, where an iterative and incremental approach is needed? - correct answer scrum approach *Ch 2* why are observations generally preferred over focus groups for front-end analysis? - correct answer what people say does not always match what they do *Ch 2* which design tool is best for supporting evaluation by giving users something to react to and use? - correct answer prototypes *Ch 2* which design tool is best for supporting heuristic evaluation? - correct answer prototypes *Ch 2* designing a manufacturing line with the goal of enhancing efficiency and product quality would likely utilize which design model? - correct answer plan-do-check-act *Ch 2* heuristic evaluations are - correct answer analytical (based on knowledge about human behavior) *Ch 2* tablet computers are proving very portable, usable, and useful to most tech-savvy users. still for some of the population such as older adults swiping and scrolling motions prove difficult. what principle of human factors engineering thinking will the design of such tablet computers most violate? - correct answer systems must be designed to accommodate the full range of potential users *Ch 2* which design tool is best for communicating and documenting ideas for the design team? - correct answer wireframes *Ch 2* which development cycle is used to enhance workplace efficiency and production quality? - correct answer plan-do-check-act *Ch 2* which development cycle is used in the design of large, high-risk systems? - correct answer vee process *Ch 2* which type of task analysis data identifies the stored information needed to complete the task? - correct answer information flow *Ch 2* which development cycle might be best suited for reorganizing the assembly line at a bottling plant? - correct answer plan-do-check-act *Ch 2* verbal protocols that require a person to describe past events are called... - correct answer retrospective *Ch 2* which development cycle might be best suited for designing the home screen display on the next iPhone? - correct answer scrum *Ch 2* T/F: the best way to achieve a user-centered desgn is to have the user design the product - correct answer false *Ch 2* T/F: typically, the scrum design process takes longer to complete than the Vee design process - correct answer false *Ch 2* which type of task analysis identifies the order of tasks? - correct answer sequence and timing *Ch 2* an analysis that selects a design using a small-scale study or heuristic evaluation to determine which design results in the best performance is a - correct answer NOT quality function deployment *Ch 2* in task task hierarchy... - correct answer an arrangement of general tasks are broken into more specific subtasks *Ch 2* heuristic evaluation - correct answer takes hours, design principles and guidelines are applied to a prototype and can quickly assess how design might violate human capabilities *Ch 2* hierarchical relationships - correct answer what, why and how tasks are performed *Ch 2* information flow - correct answer who performs the tasks, with what indications, and with what feedback *Ch 2* sequence and timing - correct answer when, in what order, and how long tasks take to perform *Ch 2* location and environment context - correct answer physical and social envt *Ch 2* task hierarchy - correct answer goal, taks, subtask decomposition *Ch 2* task flow - correct answer control, decisions regarding the flow from one task to another *Ch 2* task sequence - correct answer task duration and sequence as well as communication between system components *Ch 2* user identification and persona development - correct answer most important user populations of the product or system *Ch 2* scenarios, user journeys, and user cases - correct answer describe situations and tasks relevant to the use of the system or product being developed *Ch 2* environment and context analysis - correct answer describes where the tasks, scenarios, and personas live *Ch 2* workload analysis - correct answer considers whether the system is going to place excessive mental or physical demands on the user, either alone or in conjunction with other tasks *Ch 2* safety and hazard analysis - correct answer conducted anytime a product or system has implications for human safety *Ch 2* function allocation - correct answer considers how to distribute tasks between the human operator and technology *Ch 2* evaluation heuristics - correct answer create useful innovation, attend to details, simplify, honest and understandable, provide flexibility, consistency, anticipate needs, minimize memory demands, condor adaptation, fit the task to the person rather than the person to the task *Ch 2* design heuristics - correct answer help human factors professionals provide design teams with quick input on whether the design alternatives are consistent with human capabilities *Ch 2* design patterns - correct answer solutions to commonly occurring design problems and are most typically associated with software, but also apply to physical systems *Ch 2* quality function deployment - correct answer addresses critical questions *Ch 2* cost/benefit analysis - correct answer calculates the importance of features that test serve the users needs *Ch 2* tradeoff analysis - correct answer based on the design that has the largest numbers of advantages and the smallest number of disadvantages *Ch 2* design thinking - correct answer empathetic conversations to generate alternatives; EX: standford design process *Ch 2* systems thinking - correct answer analysis of tasks assess alternatives *Ch 2* limits of persona - correct answer doesn't take into account population distribution and individual differences, salient features may reinforce biases, and salient but possibly irrelevant info *Ch 2* user journey - correct answer description of day in the life of your persona as they use your product *Ch 3* what evaluation techniques would be particularly useful in a scrum development environment? - correct answer heuristic evaluation and cognitive walkthrough *Ch 3* You run an experiment with 100 people comparing the time to address an email with two systems. You discover a statistically significant difference, showing but your manager is unimpressed because the mean values differ by only 100 ms. This is an example of - correct answer a difference that is statistically significant but might lack practical significance *Ch 3* how many analysts should be used to assess a system with heuristic evaluation? - correct answer ideally 5