MCAT Chemical and Physical Foundations Study || with
100% Correct Answers.
Which of the following offers the best explanation for why Line 1-2 has a steeper slope than
Line 4-5? correct answers Liquid phases are less compressible than gas phases.
If the conditions for Point 9 were replicated inside a glass container, what would an observer see
inside? correct answers Supercritical fluid
Suppose a researcher begins with 100 g of liquid and follows paths 4-5 and 6-7. Compared to
Segment 4-5, the researcher would observe that Segment 6-7 has a: correct answers higher
pressure
Which of the following is the correct relationship for the heat required when going from Point 1
to Point 3? correct answers mcH2O(l)T<qMCH2O(l)T+mHvap
What is the highest period of a sound wave that can be detected well by the diaphragm on a
stethoscope? correct answers 0.0125 seconds
Why would a doctor use the bell to detect heart murmurs but the diaphragm to detect
pneumonia? correct answers Turbulent blood flow usually creates low frequency sounds, but
crackling in the lungs is usually high frequency.
If I represents the intensity of the sound wave from an earpiece, A represents the area of the
eardrum to which the sound is delivered, and t represents the time spent listening to the sound,
which of the following expressions gives the energy received by the eardrum? correct answers
LAt
Some headpieces also employ noise reduction technology to eliminate sounds not coming from
the earpieces of the stethoscope. How might such technology work? correct answers The total
energy of the sound waves coming from outside the earpieces is reduced by adding wave energy
out-of-phase with the unwanted sound waves.
Which of the following presents a difficulty for electronic stethoscope use? correct answers The
amplification system may enhance the intensity of ambient sounds near the system that are not of
medical interest.
In modern radiotherapy, superconducting wire coils are used to create magnetic fields that focus
particle beams in order to deliver the maximum dose of ionizing radiation to a tumor site while
minimizing the destruction of healthy tissue. For which of the following types of radiation would
this technique NOT be useful? correct answers Gamma photons
What is the absolute configuration of C-1 and C-2, respectively, as indicated in the molecule
below? correct answers R, S
, Which of the following ranks the redox-active species of the electron transport chain in order of
decreasing electron affinity? correct answers O2 > CoQ > FAD > NAD+
Which of the following peptides would move towards the negative terminal in a gel
electrophoresis experiment run at pH 5? correct answers Asn-Arg-His-Glu
Which of the following transformations do liver enzymes employ to produce all primary bile
acids? correct answers Oxidation
Which of the following contributes to the fact that the small intestine cannot passively absorb
bile salts?
I. Taurine and glycine have low pKa values.
II. Bile salts are hydrophobic.
III. Pancreatic secretions increase intestinal pH. correct answers I and III only
Lipase works to hydrolyze which of the following functional groups? correct answers Ester
Taurine is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, shown below. Which of the following
reactions is a necessary part of the biochemical conversion of cysteine to taurine in the body?
correct answers Decarboxylation of the carboxyl group
Which of the following values best approximates the pKa of Mito-pH? correct answers 7.3
At pH values just below 4, Mito-pH was no longer found to specifically accumulate in the
mitochondria. Which of the following is the most likely cause for this phenomenon? correct
answers The cyanine group can be protonated in solutions with pH less than 4.
How many degrees of unsaturation are lost or gained in the base-induced transformation from
Mito-pH to its photoactive ring-opened form? correct answers The degrees of unsaturation are
unchanged.
The cyanine portion of the compound absorbs radiation with a wavelength of 560 nm, yet emits
at 600 nm. Which of the following is the most plausible reason to explain the discrepancy?
correct answers The molecule emits a less energetic photon than it absorbs because the excited
molecule can lose energy through vibrational processes prior to photonic emission back to its
ground state.
In order to perform the chemistry shown in Reaction 1, the protein undergoing glycosylation
must contain which of the following residues? correct answers Cys
Which of the following reaction conditions would be the least likely to cause inhibition of
Reaction 1? correct answers pH 8
Reaction 1 can also be run using peptide derivatives that contain Se in place of S. Compared to
the original reaction, the replacement of S with Se results in: correct answers a faster reaction,
since Se is a better nucleophile than S.
100% Correct Answers.
Which of the following offers the best explanation for why Line 1-2 has a steeper slope than
Line 4-5? correct answers Liquid phases are less compressible than gas phases.
If the conditions for Point 9 were replicated inside a glass container, what would an observer see
inside? correct answers Supercritical fluid
Suppose a researcher begins with 100 g of liquid and follows paths 4-5 and 6-7. Compared to
Segment 4-5, the researcher would observe that Segment 6-7 has a: correct answers higher
pressure
Which of the following is the correct relationship for the heat required when going from Point 1
to Point 3? correct answers mcH2O(l)T<qMCH2O(l)T+mHvap
What is the highest period of a sound wave that can be detected well by the diaphragm on a
stethoscope? correct answers 0.0125 seconds
Why would a doctor use the bell to detect heart murmurs but the diaphragm to detect
pneumonia? correct answers Turbulent blood flow usually creates low frequency sounds, but
crackling in the lungs is usually high frequency.
If I represents the intensity of the sound wave from an earpiece, A represents the area of the
eardrum to which the sound is delivered, and t represents the time spent listening to the sound,
which of the following expressions gives the energy received by the eardrum? correct answers
LAt
Some headpieces also employ noise reduction technology to eliminate sounds not coming from
the earpieces of the stethoscope. How might such technology work? correct answers The total
energy of the sound waves coming from outside the earpieces is reduced by adding wave energy
out-of-phase with the unwanted sound waves.
Which of the following presents a difficulty for electronic stethoscope use? correct answers The
amplification system may enhance the intensity of ambient sounds near the system that are not of
medical interest.
In modern radiotherapy, superconducting wire coils are used to create magnetic fields that focus
particle beams in order to deliver the maximum dose of ionizing radiation to a tumor site while
minimizing the destruction of healthy tissue. For which of the following types of radiation would
this technique NOT be useful? correct answers Gamma photons
What is the absolute configuration of C-1 and C-2, respectively, as indicated in the molecule
below? correct answers R, S
, Which of the following ranks the redox-active species of the electron transport chain in order of
decreasing electron affinity? correct answers O2 > CoQ > FAD > NAD+
Which of the following peptides would move towards the negative terminal in a gel
electrophoresis experiment run at pH 5? correct answers Asn-Arg-His-Glu
Which of the following transformations do liver enzymes employ to produce all primary bile
acids? correct answers Oxidation
Which of the following contributes to the fact that the small intestine cannot passively absorb
bile salts?
I. Taurine and glycine have low pKa values.
II. Bile salts are hydrophobic.
III. Pancreatic secretions increase intestinal pH. correct answers I and III only
Lipase works to hydrolyze which of the following functional groups? correct answers Ester
Taurine is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, shown below. Which of the following
reactions is a necessary part of the biochemical conversion of cysteine to taurine in the body?
correct answers Decarboxylation of the carboxyl group
Which of the following values best approximates the pKa of Mito-pH? correct answers 7.3
At pH values just below 4, Mito-pH was no longer found to specifically accumulate in the
mitochondria. Which of the following is the most likely cause for this phenomenon? correct
answers The cyanine group can be protonated in solutions with pH less than 4.
How many degrees of unsaturation are lost or gained in the base-induced transformation from
Mito-pH to its photoactive ring-opened form? correct answers The degrees of unsaturation are
unchanged.
The cyanine portion of the compound absorbs radiation with a wavelength of 560 nm, yet emits
at 600 nm. Which of the following is the most plausible reason to explain the discrepancy?
correct answers The molecule emits a less energetic photon than it absorbs because the excited
molecule can lose energy through vibrational processes prior to photonic emission back to its
ground state.
In order to perform the chemistry shown in Reaction 1, the protein undergoing glycosylation
must contain which of the following residues? correct answers Cys
Which of the following reaction conditions would be the least likely to cause inhibition of
Reaction 1? correct answers pH 8
Reaction 1 can also be run using peptide derivatives that contain Se in place of S. Compared to
the original reaction, the replacement of S with Se results in: correct answers a faster reaction,
since Se is a better nucleophile than S.
