AP Biology Midterm Review Exam Questions With Correct Answers
4 views 0 purchase
Course
AP Biology
Institution
AP Biology
AP Biology Midterm Review Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
Dehydration - answerconnecting monomers together by the removal of water
Hydrolysis - answerdisassembling polymers by the addition of water
Disaccharides - answerglucose + glucose = maltose / glucose + fructose = sucrose / glucose
+...
Polysaccharides - answer✔✔Plants: starch (energy) and cellulose (structure)
Animals: glycogen (energy) and chitin (structure)
*Lipids - answer✔✔hydrophobic (very non-polar), consist of long hydrocarbon chains
Fats - answer✔✔consist of glycerol and 3 fatty acids, store long term energy, saturated = no
double bond in hydrocarbon tails (no kink), unsaturated = double bond (kink)
Phospholipids - answer✔✔consist of phosphate head, glycerol, and 2 fatty acid tails, tail is
hydrophobic, head is hydrophillic
Protein structure and organization - answer✔✔composed of an amino group, a carboxyl group,
hydrogen, and an R group, joined by peptide bonds and folded numerous times; 1) Primary
(linear sequence) 2) Secondary (helix or pleat) 3) Tertiary 4) Quaternary (globular)
Protein functions (8) - answer✔✔1) enzymes 2) antibodies 3) storage proteins 4) transport
proteins 5) hormones 6) receptor proteins 7) motor proteins 8) structural proteins
Smooth ER - answer✔✔metabollic processes (synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbs,
detoxification of drugs and poisons)
Golgi - answer✔✔stores, transports, and secretes cell products
Cytoskeleton - answer✔✔supports cell, maintains its shape, aids in movement of cell products
Centrosomes (2 centrioles) - answer✔✔only in animal cells, microtubules used for cell division
Lysosomes - answer✔✔only in animal cells, digestive organelles
Flagella - answer✔✔only in animal cells, cluster of microtubules for motility
Extracellular Matrix - answer✔✔only in animal cells, made of proteins that provide support for
cells and relay information for communication between the environment and the cell
Central Vacuole - answer✔✔only in plant cells, stores water and sugar, breaks down waste, and
used as a mechanism for plant growth (when it swells)
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic - answer✔✔nucleoid / nucleus; only ribosomes / complex membrane-
bound organelles; both have same genetic coding, sugars, and amino acids
Phospholipid Bilayer - answer✔✔tails of phospholipids are loosely packed and are in constant
motion; membrane contains integral and peripheral proteins, cholestrol, and glycopreotins and
glycolipids; cholesterol makes the membrane less permeable to water and other substances; non-
polar and small polar molecules can pass through unadied
Passive trasport - answer✔✔movement of molecules without requirement of energy: 1) diffusion
2) osmosis (across a membrane) 3) facilitated diffusion (helped by transport proteins)
Active transport - answer✔✔movement of molecules that requires energy: 1) sodium-potassium
pumps 2) exocytosis 3) endocytosis (phagocytosis, pinocytosis)
Membrane Potential - answer✔✔voltage across a membrane due to difference in positive and
negative ions, electrons move from high to low concentration (ex. sodium-potassium pumps in
neurons)
Electrochemical Gradient - answer✔✔diffusion gradient resulting in combination of membrane
potential and concentration gradient
Hypertonic - answer✔✔solution with higher concentration of solutes, animal/plant cell in this
solution would become shiveled/plasmolyzed
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through EFT, credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying this summary from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Thebright. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy this summary for R196,53. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
