NUR 425 E Study Guide with Questions
and Correct Answers
Differentiated practice care delivery ✅A method that maximizes nursing resources by
focusing on the functions of nurses according to their education, experience, and
competence. The responsibilities of RNs differ according to their education (ANS vs
BSN). This also applies to professional nurses, LPNs and UAPs.
Total patient care ✅You are responsible for meeting all the needs of your assigned
patients, nurses on other shifts are responsible for the patients after you leave.
Case Nursing ✅One nurse caring for one patient or a small group of patients, they
may or may not be assigned to the same patients the next day.
Functional Nursing ✅Each worker is assigned a set of tasks to accomplish during their
shift based on your job title and training. Disadvantages: the care is fragmented and the
lack of RN interventions may lead to poorer patient outcomes.
Team or Modular Nursing ✅Nurses work in teams to provide care. An RN acts as a
team leader. Modular nursing has a smaller team than regular team nursing.
Primary Nursing ✅There is a primary nurse for a group of patients. They are
responsible for planning care for the patients from admission to discharge. They are
assisted by associate nurses on their off shifts. Disadvantages: Lack of professional
nurses and lack of education about primary care.
Practice Partnerships ✅Experienced nurse is paired with a junior partner who may be
an LPN, UAP or less experienced RN. The two work the same hours and days and care
for the same group of patients.
Fixed costs ✅Remain the same for the budget period regardless of the activity level of
the organization (rental payments, insurance premiums, etc.)
Variable costs ✅depend on and change in direct proportion to patient volume and
patient acuity (ex: supple expenses)
Staff mix ✅The type and number of staff necessary to perform the work of an
organization. How many LPNs, UAPS, RNs, etc.? A high RN-skill mix allows for greater
staffing flexibility.
, Cost center ✅An approach to budgeting where managers are responsible for
predicting, documenting, and managing the costs of the division. Nursing units are
typically considered to be cost centers.
FTE ✅Full-time equivalent. 1 FTE = 40 hours/week or 80 hours/2 weeks. 0.8FTE = 32
hours (3 8-hour shifts) and 0.6FTE = 24 hours (2 12-hour shifts)
Lewin's theory of change ✅Unfreezing: identifies a need for change, creates
disequilibrium, causes the staff to be discontent
Moving: the change agent plans for and makes the change, overcome resistance,
forces for change (driving forces) outweigh the forces against change (restraining
forces)
Refreezing: group members take over leadership responsibilities, change is integrated
Goal of quality management programs ✅They move healthcare into a proactive
organization where problems are prevented and ways to improve care and quality of
care are sought. They track activities and outcomes and discover problems within the
system.
TQM ✅Total Quality Management. 4 Core Characteristics:
1. Customer/client focus
2. Total organizational involvement
3. Use of quality tools and statistics for measurement
4. Key processes for improvement identified
Recency error ✅The evaluator recalls recent performance and tends to forget more
distant events. This causes employees to only perform at a high level near the time of
their eval. It benefits the poorly performing individual because they receive the same
eval as the ones who perform well year-round.
Central tendency error ✅Everyone is evaluated as average, no one is outstanding and
no one is below average.
Horns error ✅You do something bad close to the time when you are going to
evaluated. That stands out and you are evaluated poorly on everyone due to that one
error.
Halo error ✅You do something good close to the time when you are going to be
evaluated. That stands out and you are evaluated very high on everything based on that
one good thing you did. In reality, employees have uneven strength and weaknesses.
Thus, it should be uncommon for an employee to receive the same rating on all their
performance evals.
Problem Distortion Error ✅One poor performance weighs heavier with the evaluator
than several good performances.
and Correct Answers
Differentiated practice care delivery ✅A method that maximizes nursing resources by
focusing on the functions of nurses according to their education, experience, and
competence. The responsibilities of RNs differ according to their education (ANS vs
BSN). This also applies to professional nurses, LPNs and UAPs.
Total patient care ✅You are responsible for meeting all the needs of your assigned
patients, nurses on other shifts are responsible for the patients after you leave.
Case Nursing ✅One nurse caring for one patient or a small group of patients, they
may or may not be assigned to the same patients the next day.
Functional Nursing ✅Each worker is assigned a set of tasks to accomplish during their
shift based on your job title and training. Disadvantages: the care is fragmented and the
lack of RN interventions may lead to poorer patient outcomes.
Team or Modular Nursing ✅Nurses work in teams to provide care. An RN acts as a
team leader. Modular nursing has a smaller team than regular team nursing.
Primary Nursing ✅There is a primary nurse for a group of patients. They are
responsible for planning care for the patients from admission to discharge. They are
assisted by associate nurses on their off shifts. Disadvantages: Lack of professional
nurses and lack of education about primary care.
Practice Partnerships ✅Experienced nurse is paired with a junior partner who may be
an LPN, UAP or less experienced RN. The two work the same hours and days and care
for the same group of patients.
Fixed costs ✅Remain the same for the budget period regardless of the activity level of
the organization (rental payments, insurance premiums, etc.)
Variable costs ✅depend on and change in direct proportion to patient volume and
patient acuity (ex: supple expenses)
Staff mix ✅The type and number of staff necessary to perform the work of an
organization. How many LPNs, UAPS, RNs, etc.? A high RN-skill mix allows for greater
staffing flexibility.
, Cost center ✅An approach to budgeting where managers are responsible for
predicting, documenting, and managing the costs of the division. Nursing units are
typically considered to be cost centers.
FTE ✅Full-time equivalent. 1 FTE = 40 hours/week or 80 hours/2 weeks. 0.8FTE = 32
hours (3 8-hour shifts) and 0.6FTE = 24 hours (2 12-hour shifts)
Lewin's theory of change ✅Unfreezing: identifies a need for change, creates
disequilibrium, causes the staff to be discontent
Moving: the change agent plans for and makes the change, overcome resistance,
forces for change (driving forces) outweigh the forces against change (restraining
forces)
Refreezing: group members take over leadership responsibilities, change is integrated
Goal of quality management programs ✅They move healthcare into a proactive
organization where problems are prevented and ways to improve care and quality of
care are sought. They track activities and outcomes and discover problems within the
system.
TQM ✅Total Quality Management. 4 Core Characteristics:
1. Customer/client focus
2. Total organizational involvement
3. Use of quality tools and statistics for measurement
4. Key processes for improvement identified
Recency error ✅The evaluator recalls recent performance and tends to forget more
distant events. This causes employees to only perform at a high level near the time of
their eval. It benefits the poorly performing individual because they receive the same
eval as the ones who perform well year-round.
Central tendency error ✅Everyone is evaluated as average, no one is outstanding and
no one is below average.
Horns error ✅You do something bad close to the time when you are going to
evaluated. That stands out and you are evaluated poorly on everyone due to that one
error.
Halo error ✅You do something good close to the time when you are going to be
evaluated. That stands out and you are evaluated very high on everything based on that
one good thing you did. In reality, employees have uneven strength and weaknesses.
Thus, it should be uncommon for an employee to receive the same rating on all their
performance evals.
Problem Distortion Error ✅One poor performance weighs heavier with the evaluator
than several good performances.
