PEAT-5 Exam Practice 200 Questions and Answers 2024/2025 Complete

PEAT-5 Exam Practice 200 Questions and Answers 2024/2025 Complete 1) A patient who sustained a right cerebrovascular accident presents with a flaccid left arm. During muscle testing, the patient is able to shrug the left shoulder. The MOST accurate explanation for shoulder movement is that the right cerebrovascular accident: 1. has affected the right shoulder and not the left shoulder. 2. did not affect the vagus nerve (X), which innervates the upper trapezius muscle. 3. did not affect spinal accessory nerve (XI), which innervates the upper trapezius muscle. 4. has affected the left biceps and triceps muscles but not the deltoid muscles. 2) Manual muscle test grades are an example of which of the following levels of measurement? 1. Nominal 2. Ratio 3. Interval 4. Ordinal 3) A physical therapist should anticipate that an abnormal lymph node will feel: 1. soft and nonmobile and have an increased skin temperature. 2. firm and nontender and have an increased skin temperature. 3. firm, mobile, and tender or nontender. 4. soft, mobile, and tender or nontender. 4) A patient comes to physical therapy with the diagnosis of a medial meniscus tear of the right knee. Which of the following signs and symptoms is MOST indicative of this diagnosis? 1. Mechanical locking 2. Decreased pain with weight bearing 3. Posterior knee swelling 4. Atrophy of hamstrings 5) A client who is participating in a weight-loss program has been walking 3 days/week for 15 minutes for the past 3 weeks. To progress the exercise program, which of the following modifications will MOST likely accomplish the weight-loss goal? 1. Maintain the current walking speed and increase the duration to 30 minutes. 2. Increase the walking speed and keep the duration at 15 minutes. 3. Walk 4 days/week and decrease the duration to 10 minutes. 4. Change from walking 3 days/week to jogging 1 day/week for 20 minutes. 6) A 78-year-old patient who is being treated for osteoarthritis of the knees reports centralized lower thoracic pain and epigastric pain. The pain is relieved by eating. Which of the following steps would be MOST important in screening for the cause of the new symptoms? 1. Resist the iliopsoas muscle to screen for a psoas abscess. 2. Ask if the patient has been constipated or has had diarrhea. 3. Perform an abdominal examination to screen for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. 4. Ask if the patient is taking a high dose of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 7) A patient who is re-learning the task of moving from sit to stand following traumatic brain injury is frustrated because of repeated failed attempts. To facilitate the patient’s success, a physical therapist should FIRST: 1. permit the patient to rest until the next physical therapy session and re-attempt the activity. 2. encourage the patient to visualize success with the task before resuming attempts. 3. provide incentive by holding a desired object for the patient to reach toward. 4. decrease the challenge of the task, so that the patient experiences success. 8) A postural correction program for a patient with forward head, kyphosis, and increased lumbar lordosis should include all of the following EXCEPT: 1. strengthening the scapular protractors. 2. strengthening the thoracic erector spinae muscles. 3. lengthening the short suboccipital muscles. 4. lengthening the lumbar erector spinae muscles. 9) A physical therapist is applying electrical stimulation to a patient with a neurapraxia. To minimize accommodation, the therapist should: 1. decrease the size of the stimulating electrode. 2. increase the pulse duration. 3. utilize a rapid rate of rise. 4. select a biphasic waveform. 10) During examination of a patient, a physical therapist notes hypoventilation, muscular twitching, and increased deep tendon reflexes. Which of the following conditions is the MOST likely cause of the signs and symptoms? 1. Metabolic alkalosis 2. Metabolic acidosis 3. Respiratory alkalosis 4. Respiratory acidosis 11) A patient is referred to physical therapy with a diagnosis of herniated nucleus pulposus. In addition to low back pain, examination findings include hypoesthesia, weakness, and diminished deep tendon reflexes in bilateral lower extremities. Which of the following types of incontinence is MOST likely to be associated with this presentation? 1. Urge 2. Overflow 3. Stress 4. Functional 12) A physical therapist is working with a patient who had a total knee arthroplasty 2 days ago. The patient’s resting electrocardiogram is shown in strip A. While gait training, the patient’s electrocardiogram changes, as shown in strip B. Based on this finding, what is the BEST action for the therapist to take at this time? 1. Stop gait training and notify the nurse. 2. Continue gait training as the heart rate is less than 100 bpm. 3. Stop gait training and allow the patient to sit down and rest. 4. Continue gait training, but allow the patient standing rest breaks. 13) A physical therapist is performing sit-to-stand transfer training with a patient in a hospital room. The patient is currently admitted for acute renal failure and has electrocardiogram monitoring in place. During the transfer training, the therapist notes new onset of one unsustained, unifocal premature ventricular contraction. Which of the following actions is MOST appropriate for the therapist to take at this time? 1. Discontinue transfer training and call the nurse immediately. 2. Discontinue transfer training and switch to passive range-of-motion exercises. 3. Allow the patient to rest and continue with transfer training, while monitoring the electrocardiogram. 4. Allow the patient to rest and measure the patient’s blood pressure. 14) When held in supported standing, a 14-month-old child with spastic diplegia is up on tiptoes with the toes curled. This position is characteristic of a: 1. proprioceptive placing reaction. 2. Moro reflex. 3. plantar grasp reflex. 4. traction response. 15) A patient with multiple sclerosis is referred for physical therapy at home. The patient requires training in bathing, dressing, and eating, and use of adaptive devices may be needed to accomplish the training. The physical therapist should recommend that the patient be seen by a/an: 1. social worker. 2. orthotist. 3. occupational therapist. 4. home health nurse. 16) As a patient progresses with physical therapy, which of the following changes in a home exercise program is MOST likely to increase the patient’s adherence to the program? 1. Add additional exercises to the home program. 2. Increase the intensity of the home exercises. 3. Increase the frequency of home exercise program execution. 4. Choose exercises that can be incorporated into daily activities. 17) A home health patient who recently had a three-vessel coronary artery bypass graft describes experiencing bilateral lower extremity swelling, leg pain, and shortness of breath, especially when lying down. The patient MOST likely has which of the following diagnoses? 1. Deep vein thrombosis 2. Myocardial infarction 3. Pulmonary embolism 4. Congestive heart failure 18) Which of the following techniques is MOST appropriate for a patient with low postural tone? 1. Slow regular rocking while sitting on a treatment bolster 2. Continuous pressure to the skin overlying the back muscles 3. Low-frequency vibration to the back muscles 4. Joint approximation applied through the shoulders to the trunk 19) Which of the following descriptions BEST represents the physical examination technique used to assess tissue hydration in the hand? 1. Pinch and lift the skin and determine the time for the skin to return to normal. 2. Push into the skin and determine the time for the skin to return to normal. 3. Measure the surface temperature over the volar aspect of the wrist. 4. Obtain volumetric measurements on each arm and compare displacement measures. 20) A physical therapist is issuing a home exercise program to a patient. Which of the following strategies MOST ensures the patient’s proper adherence with the program? 1. Provide written instructions for the program. 2. Involve a family member in supervising the exercises. 3. Demonstrate the program to the patient while providing verbal instructions. 4. Have the patient perform the exercises under the guidance of the therapist. 21) When training a patient to increase muscle activity with the use of electromyographic biofeedback, the physical therapist should adjust the unit so that sensitivity: 1. starts low and increases as the patient shows an increase in muscle activity. 2. starts high and decreases as the patient shows an increase in muscle activity. 3. remains at approximately mid-range during the entire treatment period. 4. is not set, since this adjustment is not necessary for this form of biofeedback. 22) In a research study, the independent t-test was used as the statistical tool. How would statistically significant results be presented if alpha was set at .05? 1. p .05 2. p .05 3. r2 .05 4. r2 .05 23) To manually assess a patient’s lower extremity circulation, a physical therapist should palpate the patient’s peripheral pulse at which of the following locations? 1. Dorsal foot, near the base of the first metatarsal 2. Lateral lower leg, just posterior to the fibular head 3. Lateral ankle, just inferior to the lateral malleolus 4. Plantar foot, just medial to the medial calcaneal tuberosity 24) In which of the following conditions is a nerve conduction velocity test MOST appropriate? 1. Carpal tunnel syndrome 2. Cerebrovascular accident 3. Myotonia 4. Duchenne muscular dystrophy Practice Questions 5 25) A positive finding in which of the following examinations is MOST consistent with a diagnosis of a herniated nucleus pulposus at L4– L5? 1. Straight leg raise at 25° 2. Straight leg raise at 75° 3. Straight leg raise at 45° 4. Prone knee flexion at 90° 26) A patient with lower extremity claudication is exercising to the point of symptom production. Observation of the distal aspect of the patient’s skin is MOST likely to result in which of the following findings? 1. Edema 2. Hyperhydrosis 3. Hyperemia 4. Pallor 27) Which of the following exercises should increase a patient’s shoulder lateral (external) rotation range of motion by contraction of the tight muscle? 1. Isotonic contraction of medial (internal) rotation followed by passive motion into medial (internal) rotation 2. Isometric hold resisting medial (internal) rotation followed by passive motion into medial (internal) rotation 3. Isometric hold resisting lateral (external) rotation followed by passive motion into medial (internal) rotation 4. Isometric hold resisting medial (internal) rotation followed by passive motion into lateral (external) rotation 28) Which of the following community-based sport activities would LEAST likely be CONTRAINDICATED for a patient with osteoporosis? 1. Tai-chi 2. Golfing 3. Bicycling 4. Swimming 29) Which of the following joints is indicated by the arrow in the radiograph? 1. Tibiofibular 2. Subtalar 3. Talocrural 4. Midtarsal 30) A physical therapist wants to use ultrasound for pain reduction. Ultrasound is CONTRAINDICATED for which of the following conditions? 1. Dermal ulcer 2. Herpes zoster 3. Thrombophlebitis 6 Practice Questions 4. Surgical incision Practice Questions 7 31) During gait evaluation, a physical therapist notes that a patient demonstrates a shorter left step length and excessive left knee flexion during the left midstance phase. Which of the following problems is the MOST likely the cause of the gait dysfunction? 1. Left hamstrings contracture 2. Right iliopsoas weakness 3. Left hip flexion contracture 4. Right quadriceps weakness 32) A physical therapist is performing a bladder retraining program with a patient who initially needed to urinate hourly. The patient has been progressed to voiding every 2 hours and now reports accomplishment of this goal with only a slight amount of incontinence between voiding. Which of the following recommendations is MOST appropriate? 1. Increase the voiding interval by 30 minutes. 2. Increase the voiding interval by 1 hour. 3. Maintain the voiding interval at 2 hours. 4. Decrease the voiding interval to 1.5 hours. 33) A physical therapist notes that a patient has patches of dry, erythematous skin over the extensor surfaces of the elbows and knees, as well as bony enlargement of the distal interphalangeal joints. These findings are MOST associated with which of the following diagnoses? 1. Reiter syndrome 2. Psoriatic arthritis 3. Rheumatoid arthritis 4. Systemic lupus erythematosus 34) For adequate documentation of physical therapy services for neurological patients, changes in which of the following factors are MOST important to record? 1. Muscle tone 2. Functional abilities 3. Cognitive status 4. Quality of movement 35) A physical therapist, who is newly graduated, is initiating inpatient rehabilitation with a patient who is comatose. A relative of the patient asks the physical therapist to find a more experienced therapist to work with the patient. Which of the following responses is MOST appropriate for the physical therapist to provide to the patient’s relative? 1. Do you believe that I am not competent to help with the rehabilitation? 2. Are you concerned that I won’t be able to help your loved one recover? 3. I passed my licensure examination, which indicates that I can be effective. 4. Please allow me to work with this patient, and if you are still concerned, we can discuss changes. 36) A physical therapist is reviewing peer-reviewed articles to find evidence to support a physical therapy intervention. Which of the following collections of studies would provide the BEST evidence? 1. Two randomized controlled trials 2. Three single-case controlled trials 3. One group-controlled trial and three case studies 4. One randomized controlled trial and three case studies 37) A physical therapist evaluates a patient with back pain and determines that the patient’s pes planus is contributing to this pain. Which of the following orthotic interventions is MOST appropriate for the patient? 1. Metatarsal pad 2. Solid ankle-foot orthosis 3. Hinged ankle-foot orthosis 4. Longitudinal arch support 8 Practice Questions 38) During the gait evaluation of a patient who has a transfemoral prosthesis, a physical therapist notices that the patient laterally bends excessively toward the prosthetic side during midstance phase. Which of the following factors is MOST likely to cause this gait deviation? 1. A prosthesis that is too short 2. A prosthetic socket that is too small 3. Inadequate prosthesis suspension 4. A locked knee unit 39) A physical therapist examines a patient with multiple sclerosis who is in a period of exacerbation. The patient is independent with bed mobility, can sit unassisted at the edge of the bed, and requires physical assistance to stand with a walker. Which of the following interventions would have the HIGHEST priority? 1. Wheelchair propulsion up a 10-ft (3-m) ramp 2. Wheelchair transfers 3. Walking with an assistive device 4. Tub transfers 40) A patient with a hiatal hernia is receiving physical therapy. Which of the following exercises would MOST likely worsen the symptoms related to the hernia? 1. Wall sits 2. Overhead press 3. Bilateral leg lifts 4. Hamstring stretch 41) A physical therapist is designing a rehabilitation program for a patient with a recent diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis. The therapist should anticipate that as the disease progresses, the patient is MOST likely to require: 1. special precautions for osteoporosis. 2. a wheelchair for community mobility. 3. assisted ventilation. 4. bilateral ankle-foot orthoses. 42) A physical therapist is working with a patient who has multiple medical issues and has just finished chemotherapy. Which of the following tests is MOST appropriate to measure changes in this patient’s endurance over time? 1. 10-meter walk for time 2. 6-minute walk 3. Timed Up and Go 4. Maximum VO2 assessment 43) A patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis completed a 6-minute walk test and demonstrates the following results: total walking distance of 1200 ft (366 m) in 6 minutes, heart rate of 82 to 110 bpm (pretest to posttest), blood pressure of 125/80 to 145/85 mm Hg (pretest to posttest), respiratory rate of 18 to 40 breaths/minute (pretest to posttest), and oxygen saturation of 98% to 92% (pretest to posttest); an electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm throughout the test. Based on these results, the physical therapist should determine that the patient has impaired: 1. aerobic capacity and endurance associated with cardiovascular pump dysfunction. 2. ventilation, respiration, and aerobic capacity associated with airway clearance dysfunction. 3. ventilation, respiration, aerobic capacity, and gas exchange associated with ventilatory pump dysfunction. 4. aerobic capacity and endurance associated with cardiovascular pump failure. 44) During gait evaluation, a physical therapist notes that a patient demonstrates a shorter step length with the right lower extremity. Which of the following problems is the MOST likely the cause of the gait dysfunction? 1. Right iliopsoas contracture 2. Painful left knee 3. Decreased ankle pronation on the right 4. Left gluteus medius weakness 45) Tibial rotation during knee motion is possible when the knee is positioned in 90° or more of flexion because in this position the: 1. condyles of the femur glide posteriorly on the condyles of the tibia. 2. hamstrings act as a rotating force. Practice Questions 9 3. patella deviates inferiorly. 4. tension on the ligaments is decreased. 46) While a patient is walking in the parallel bars, the physical therapist observes that the pelvis drops down on the side opposite the stance extremity. This gait deviation is an indication of weakness of the hip: 1. abductors of the swing extremity. 2. adductors of the swing extremity. 3. abductors of the stance extremity. 4. adductors of the stance extremity. 47) A physical therapist is educating a patient on the use of a moist hot pack for home treatment. For the patient to prevent burns and still receive the benefits of superficial heat, which of the following heat application time frames is MOST appropriate? 1. 5 to 10 minutes 2. 20 to 30 minutes 3. 45 to 60 minutes 4. 61 to 90 minutes 48) A physical therapist observes a patient from behind during bilateral shoulder abduction and notes that the patient’s right scapula is more abducted than the left scapula at the end range of movement. Which of the following conditions is the MOST likely cause of the altered scapula position on the right? 1. Tightness of the rhomboid major and minor 2. Weakness of the serratus anterior 3. Restricted motion of the glenohumeral joint 4. Weakness of the upper trapezius 49) A physical therapist is evaluating a patient who had a right lower lobe resection due to lung cancer 1 day ago. During auscultation of the patient’s lungs, the therapist notes decreased low-pitched crackles bilaterally. The patient’s vital signs are heart rate – 99 bpm; blood pressure - 115/75 mm Hg; and pulse oximetry - 92% while receiving 2 liters of oxygen in sitting at the edge of the bed. Which of the following actions should the therapist take NEXT? 1. Begin walking activities, with the patient receiving 4 liters of oxygen. 2. Contact the physician. 3. Perform active range-of-motion exercises with the patient at bedside. 4. Initiate bronchopulmonary hygiene. 50) A physical therapist plans to use a tilt table for a patient who is having difficulty tolerating upright sitting. The therapist should stop inclining the tilt table when the patient experiences which of the following signs and symptoms? 1. Decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 15 mm Hg 2. Increase in systolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg 3. Increase in heart rate of 15 bpm 4. Decrease in oxygen saturation to 93% 51) A physical therapist is prescribing therapeutic exercises for a patient to perform in the physical therapy gym. The patient had a left cerebrovascular accident 2 weeks ago with resultant right lower extremity paresis. The patient also has a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The physical therapist should AVOID placing the patient in which of the following positions during the exercises? 1. Sitting upright at 90° 2. Standing 3. Supine 4. Sitting semi-upright at 45° 52) An important change in gastrointestinal function that occurs with aging is a(n): 1. increase in gastric motility. 2. increase in salivary secretion. 3. decrease in tooth decay. 4. decrease in nutrient absorption. 10 Practice Questions 53) An older adult patient has a sacral pressure ulcer measuring 15 cm × 15 cm. The wound has moderate serous fluid drainage and is loosely covered with necrotic and fibrotic tissue, although no indications of infection are present. The BEST method of debridement is: 1. daily vigorous scrubbing of the wound. 2. wet-to-dry dressings with normal saline 2 times/day. 3. daily wet-to-dry dressings with 1:1 diluted povidone-iodine (Betadine). 4. whirlpool jet agitation 2 times/day. 54) When examining a patient with right facial weakness, a physical therapist notes the presence of a right Bell phenomenon. Which of the following additional findings is MOST likely to be present? 1. Decreased taste sensation on the tongue 2. Abnormal tone of the right limbs 3. Ptosis of the right eyelid 4. Loss of pain and temperature sensation across the lower right jaw 55) A patient is doing active and resistive exercises on a mat table in the physical therapy department. After 15 minutes, the patient becomes short of breath, begins coughing, and expectorates pink, frothy sputum. At this point, the physical therapist should first stop the treatment, then NEXT: 1. assess vital signs, let the patient rest a few minutes with the feet elevated, and then resume with a less vigorous program. 2. sit the patient up, assess vital signs, and call a nurse or physician for further instructions. 3. lay the patient supine, transfer the patient to a stretcher, and return the patient to the nursing unit. 4. lay the patient down flat, call for assistance, and begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 56) Instruction in energy conservation and joint protection should be provided to a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, because: 1. the joints may be predisposed to damage by overuse. 2. fatigue often masks joint pain. 3. phagocytes remove more pannus in a resting joint. 4. activity of the antigen-antibody complex is diminished with rest. 57) A manual muscle test of a patient who sustained a gunshot wound immediately superior to the elbow joint reveals specific muscle weakness from a partial median nerve injury. The physical therapy intervention for the patient should include strengthening activities for wrist flexion, forearm: 1. pronation, finger flexion, and thumb adduction. 2. pronation, finger flexion, and thumb opposition. 3. supination, finger abduction, and thumb opposition. 4. supination, finger flexion, and thumb extension. 58) For a patient with a bilateral transfemoral amputation to maximize balance in a wheelchair, the rear wheels should be positioned more: 1. laterally. 2. posteriorly. 3. anteriorly. 4. inferiorly. 59) A physical therapist is taking the history of a patient with low back pain. If the therapist suspects the pain is caused by an inflammatory reaction, which of the following questions is BEST for the therapist to ask? 1. Is your pain constant or intermittent? 2. What activity bothers you the most? 3. Is it difficult to stand up straight after you’ve been sitting? 4. Does your pain radiate down into the leg? 60) Which of the following locations corresponds to the sensory function of the nerve root exiting below the fifth lumbar vertebra? 1. Plantar aspect of the heel 2. Central anterior distal thigh 3. Medial aspect of the knee joint 4. Dorsal web space between the first and second toes Practice Questions 11 61) A patient had a brainstem stroke 2 months ago and is currently able to independently walk 65 ft (20 m) over level surfaces with a straight cane and ascend stairs with minimum assistance. Which of the following activities would MOST appropriately challenge this patient’s balance during a physical therapy session? 1. Ascending stairs using a single handrail 2. Standing on one leg with eyes closed 3. Walking over uneven terrain 4. Walking 130 ft (40 m) with a straight cane 62) When evaluating wheelchair positioning of a child with cerebral palsy, a physical therapist should FIRST examine the position of the child’s: 1. pelvis. 2. lower extremities. 3. head. 4. spine. 63) A physical therapist is using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to treat a patient with back pain. Biphasic pulsed current and conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation parameters are being used. The patient reports a painful response during the initial treatment. Which of the following treatment modifications is MOST appropriate in this situation? 1. Decrease the electrode size 2. Decrease the pulse width 3. Increase the pulse rate 4. Switch to a monophasic current 64) A physical therapist is conducting a study in which the disability index scores for two groups of patients with subacromial impingement are compared. One group receives ultrasound and exercise; the other group receives exercise only. Both groups receive treatment at 2 visits/week for 4 weeks. What is the independent variable in the study? 1. Disability index score 2. Frequency of visits 3. Subacromial impingement 4. Intervention 65) A physical therapist is interviewing a female patient who reports mid-thoracic pain that is limiting her ability to work. Which of the following additional symptoms should prompt the therapist to refer the patient to a physician? 1. Increased pain with prolonged computer work 2. Nausea, excessive fatigue, and sleep disturbance 3. Intermittent numbness and tingling in the right hand 4. Decreased pain with exercise and increased pain in the mid-morning 66) Which of the following elements of motor learning contributes MOST to retention of a motor skill? 1. Performance under variable conditions 2. Manual contact to guide the patient 3. Summary knowledge of results 4. Practice of the motor skill 67) A physical therapist is working with a patient who has a complete T6 spinal cord injury. The therapist has the patient perform seated push-ups on a mat by having the patient push down on the mat with both upper extremities while attempting to lift the buttocks off the mat. This activity is aimed at strengthening which muscle group? 1. Quadratus lumborum 2. Internal obliques 3. Latissimus dorsi 4. External obliques 12 Practice Questions 68) Following a cerebrovascular accident, a patient is evaluated for cognitive and perceptual dysfunctions. The patient is asked to stack several wooden blocks. After picking up a block, the patient is unable to determine how the block should be used. This dysfunction is MOST likely due to: 1. homonymous hemianopsia. 2. astereognosis. 3. unilateral neglect. 4. apraxia. 69) A patient with peripheral vascular disease comes to physical therapy for evaluation of leg pain that gets worse when walking. The patient will MOST likely also have: 1. relief of pain with the legs elevated. 2. purple or brown pigmentation of the skin on the legs. 3. relief of pain with the legs in the dependent position. 4. a positive Homans sign. 70) A new special test used to evaluate shoulder instability is reported to have a specificity of 0.88. This means that the test has a high percentage of: 1. true positives. 2. false positives. 3. true negatives. 4. false negatives. 71) Which of the following clinical features is assessed by pressing into the patient’s skin and observing for persistent indentation? 1. Turgor 2. Pitting edema 3. Dependent edema 4. Deep vein thrombosis 72) Which of the following properties describes hyaline cartilage? 1. Hydrophilic 2. Highly innervated 3. Well vascularized 4. Easily damaged under compression 73) On the first day following a patient’s total knee arthroplasty, a physical therapist begins treating the patient with a continuous passive motion device with a setting of 0° to 40° of motion. Which of the following reasons for using a continuous passive motion device is MOST appropriate for this patient? 1. To decrease length of the patient’s hospital stay 2. To decrease incidence of deep vein thrombosis 3. To help the patient regain knee flexion 4. To prevent knee flexion contracture 74) A physical therapist is examining a patient for possible lower extremity weakness. Passive range of motion is within normal limits. The patient is seated. When the patient tries to dorsiflex and invert the right foot, the patient is unable to move it through the full range of motion and is unable to take any resistance applied by the therapist. During the subsequent gait examination, the therapist should expect the patient to display which of the following gait patterns? 1. Normal gait with no deviations 2. Increased right hip flexion during the midswing phase 3. Throwing the trunk backward on the right side shortly after heel strike (initial contact) 4. Laterally bending toward the right side during midstance 75) In treating a patient who has had recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation, a physical therapist should AVOID which of the following extreme shoulder motions? 1. Adduction and lateral (external) rotation 2. Abduction and lateral (external) rotation Practice Questions 13 3. Hyperextension and medial (internal) rotation 4. Abduction and medial (internal) rotation 76) A physical therapist is testing the deep tendon reflex of a patient as shown in the photograph. The patient has a partial nerve injury of the tested nerve root. Which of the following reflex grades is the therapist MOST likely to find in the patient? 1. 0 2. 1 + 3. 2 + 4. 3 + 77) A patient with early symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection is MOST likely to report which of the following symptoms? 1. Fatigue 2. Blurred vision 3. Easy bruising 4. Poor wound healing 78) A physical therapist receives a telephone call from a woman who identifies herself as a friend of one of the therapist’s patients. She wants to know how the patient is doing and whether the patient will be able to go up and down stairs, because she wants to take the patient home for a weekend visit. Which of the following actions is MOST appropriate for the therapist to take? 1. Discuss the patient’s program and functional status with the caller. 2. Invite the caller to observe the patient’s next therapy session. 3. Refuse to discuss the patient, unless the patient’s permission is obtained. 4. Refer the caller to the patient’s social worker. 79) In splinting or immobilization, the functional position of the hand includes wrist extension, phalangeal: 1. flexion, and abduction of the thumb (1st digit). 2. extension, and abduction of the thumb (1st digit). 3. flexion, and adduction of the thumb (1st digit). 4. flexion, and adduction of the thumb (1st digit). 80) A patient with cervical radiculopathy reports numbness of the right little finger (5th digit). A physical therapist will MOST likely find a diminished tendon reflex in the: 1. biceps brachii. 2. deltoid. 3. triceps brachii. 4. brachioradialis. 81) A patient with Parkinson disease demonstrates shortness of breath with activity. Which of the following tests is MOST appropriate for a physical therapist to perform to help delineate a cause for the patient’s shortness of breath? 1. Deep tendon reflex testing 2. Sensory examination 3. Muscle strength testing 4. Posture examination 82) A balance test correctly identifies three persons as frequent fallers in a group of 10 persons who fall frequently. The same test correctly identifies eight persons as non-fallers in a group of 10 persons with no history of falling. This test has which of the following characteristics? 1. High reliability and low validity 2. High sensitivity and low reliability 3. High predictability and low validity 4. Low sensitivity and high specificity 83) A patient with type 2 diabetes is evaluated by a physical therapist and found to be alert and oriented to person, place, and time. When continuing the evaluation, the therapist should give the HIGHEST priority to which of the following systems? 1. Cognitive 14 Practice Questions 2. Sensory 3. Genitourinary 4. Musculoskeletal 84) A physical therapist is examining a 70-year-old patient who reports left knee pain. The therapist notes mild edema, brownish discoloration, and skin contraction in the ankle region bilaterally. The patient’s skin is flaky, dry, and scaling. The patient MOST likely has which of the following conditions? 1. Cellulitis 2. Venous insufficiency 3. Age-related trophic changes 4. Arterial disease 85) A patient who is currently participating in an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program asks the physical therapist about intervention options for an apparent athlete’s foot fungal infection on both of the patient’s feet. The patient has been using an over-the-counter analgesic ointment for 5 days, but the condition does not seem to be improving. Which of the following responses is MOST appropriate for the therapist to make? 1. Refer the patient back to the cardiologist. 2. Recommend an over-the-counter antifungal ointment. 3. Tell the patient to continue using the ointment for another 5 days and then reassess. 4. Instruct the patient to discuss the situation with a pharmacist. 86) A 70-year-old female patient reports the onset of mid back pain after working in a garden for several hours. The patient reports constant pain, which increases with deep breathing, and demonstrates limited thoracic spine active range of motion in all planes. The patient has a 40-year history of smoking and long-term use of prednisone (Deltasone). Based on this history, which of the following pathologies is MOST likely the cause of the patient’s back pain? 1. Thoracic compression fracture 2. Lung cancer 3. Coronary artery disease 4. Abdominal aortic aneurysm 87) Which of the following descriptions BEST characterizes stable angina? 1. Episodes of nonradiating chest pain each lasting 5-15 minutes 2. Episodes of severe chest pain each lasting longer than 15 minutes 3. Chest pain occurring at rest and unaffected by exertion 4. Chest pain accompanied by dysrythmias 88) A patient is referred to a physical therapist for treatment of left shoulder pain. During examination of the patient’s left acromion, the therapist notes an area of skin discoloration that is 1.3 cm in diameter and lopsided in shape with irregular, poorly defined edges. The center is deep red with some shades of brown. The patient reports first noticing the discoloration about 2 months ago. The therapist should recognize these signs as characteristic of: 1. a mole. 2. a blister. 3. dermatitis. 4. melanoma. 89) Which of the following endocrine glands regulates sexual development? 1. Parathyroid 2. Thyroid 3. Adrenal 4. Pituitary 90) A physical therapist is analyzing data regarding functional loss in patients with fibromyalgia. The functional loss scale utilized has a normal distribution. The therapist finds that a score of 33 is two standard deviations below the mean, and a score of 55 is two standard deviations above the mean. Which of the following interpretations of these findings is MOST appropriate? 1. 50% of subjects scored 33 and 55. 2. 15% of subjects scored between below 33. 3. 95% of subjects scored between 33 and 55. Practice Questions 15 4. 6.67% of subjects scored above 55. 16 Practice Questions 91) In the early management of a patient with a partial peripheral nerve injury, the goal of the physical therapy intervention will MOST likely be to prevent: 1. nerve degeneration. 2. spasticity and increased muscle tone. 3. muscle atrophy. 4. contractures and adhesions. 92) A patient reports weakness and tingling in the lower extremities in the past 2 weeks. The physical therapist suspects that the patient may have Guillain-Barré syndrome. Which of the following examination findings would MOST likely occur with this diagnosis? 1. Hypertonicity in the affected muscles 2. Presence of clonus with rapid passive foot dorsiflexion 3. Diminished tendon reflexes 4. Ataxic gait pattern 93) The physical therapy intervention for a patient with dark skin pigmentation includes superficial heat. After 5 minutes of this intervention, the physical therapist removes the heat and observes that the skin over the region being treated is blotchy with both darker and lighter areas. What is the MOST appropriate action for the therapist to take? 1. Discontinue superficial heat and initiate ultrasound. 2. Continue with the use of superficial heat, as this is a normal response. 3. Discontinue superficial heat and initiate diathermy. 4. Continue with the use of superficial heat, but add more towel layers. 94) A physical therapist evaluates a 65-year-old patient with psoriasis for treatment with ultraviolet radiation. The patient’s history includes the following information: total hip arthroplasty 1 year ago, penicillin allergy, calcium supplements since menopause, and daily tetracycline (Achromycin) use for the past 2 weeks for a urinary tract infection. Which of these factors should alert the therapist to use extra caution when applying ultraviolet light? 1. Arthroplasty with a metal implant 2. Daily tetracycline (Achromycin) use 3. Penicillin allergy 4. Long-standing calcium supplement use 95) Which of the following terms describes the intense redness of the skin observed after icing? 1. Pallor 2. Hyperemia 3. Cyanosis 4. Vasospasm 96) Which of the following techniques is MOST effective in teaching a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes about foot care? 1. Reassure the patient that no infections will occur if the directions are followed, then demonstrate procedures. 2. Tell the patient how foot care is performed, then watch the patient’s performance. 3. Watch the patient perform a foot inspection, and caution the patient that amputations result from untended skin problems. 4. Have the patient demonstrate a foot inspection, then give feedback on the patient’s performance. 97) A patient demonstrates a right thoracolumbar scoliosis in standing but no scoliosis in sitting. Which of the following dysfunctions is MOST likely the cause of the patient’s scoliosis? 1. Lumbar facet dysfunction 2. Unilaterally weak gluteus medius 3. Short iliopsoas muscle 4. Leg-length discrepancy 98) A patient’s chronic use of which of the following medications should be of MOST concern to a physical therapist when deciding whether to provide thrust manipulation for the patient? 1. Hormone replacement therapy 2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication Practice Questions 17 3. Antidepressants 4. Corticosteroids 18 Practice Questions 99) A patient fell from a ladder landing on the left side of the trunk with immediate onset of pain over the left lower ribs. The following day, the patient reports mild light-headedness along with severe pain over the left shoulder and left upper abdomen that increases with inhalation. Shoulder movement is mildly limited with reports of rib pain at end range. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely? 1. Shoulder fracture 2. Ruptured spleen 3. Acute cholecystitis 4. Pulmonary embolism 100) A hospital administrator asks members of the rehabilitation department to develop a comprehensive program to help reduce the risk of low back injuries. Which of the following steps is the FIRST step necessary to develop this program? 1. Include all employees in a lumbar extension exercise class. 2. Design a program that meets each department’s functional needs. 3. Perform an ergonomic analysis on each workstation. 4. Provide pamphlets on proper body mechanics. 101) A patient who is a waiter has hand pain when carrying trays overhead. Which of the following nerve tension tests is MOST likely to have a positive result? 1. Ulnar 2. Median 3. Radial 4. Musculocutaneous 102) A physical therapist is interviewing a patient who awoke that day with a slight loss of taste sensation, inability to close the right eye, and dryness of the right eye. The patient has had a slight headache the last few days and some mild pain around the right ear. Which of the following questions that is consistent with these signs and symptoms should the therapist ask the patient? 1. Are you able to smile? 2. Do you have pain over your right jaw? 3. Are you able to chew food? 4. Do you have difficulty swallowing? 103) A physical therapist is using the waveform shown in the diagram to apply electrical stimulation to a patient. Which of the following rationales for selecting this waveform is MOST accurate? 1. The waveform enhances a contraction in denervated muscle. 2. The waveform enhances patient comfort. 3. The waveform offers a change in frequency that promotes motor unit recruitment. 4. The waveform offers pulse width variability that enhances motor unit recruitment. 104) Utilization review and peer review are activities that are a part of a comprehensive: 1. policy and procedure manual. 2. quality improvement program. 3. audit cycle. 4. performance evaluation. 105) After spinal joint mobilization procedures, a patient calls the physical therapist and reports a minor dull ache in the treated area of the back that lasted for 2 to 3 hours. Based on this symptom, the therapist should: 1. consider a possible neurological lesion in the area. 2. refer the patient back to the physician. 3. inform the patient that this response is common. 4. add strengthening exercises to the home program. Practice Questions 19 106) A patient reports pain in the lateral aspect of the proximal forearm. The pain is reproduced with shoulder girdle depression, elbow extension, shoulder medial (internal) rotation, and wrist flexion. The patient’s symptoms are relieved when the physical therapist removes the shoulder girdle depression component. Which of the following syndromes is the MOST appropriate clinical interpretation of these findings? 1. Cubital tunnel 2. Pronator teres 3. Radial tunnel 4. Anterior interosseous 107) A physical therapist is monitoring the exercise of a patient with type 1 diabetes. The patient’s blood glucose level would be BEST for safe exercise at which of the following values? 1. 90 ml/dL 2. 175 ml/dL 3. 0 ml/dL 4. 345 ml/dL 108) A patient with a mild closed head injury and bilateral femur fractures requires instruction in a lower extremity exercise program. To plan the most effective teaching methods for this patient, what is MOST critical to assess at the initial visit? 1. Comprehension of written, verbal, and demonstrated instructions 2. Short-term memory capacity 3. Auditory and visual status 4. Any personality changes compared to the patient’s premorbid status 109) The physical therapy plan for for a patient who underwent medial menisectomy includes exercising the quadriceps femoris against accommodating resistance. Which of the following exercises should be recommended? 1. Knee bends through half of the range 2. Knee extension with a sandbag at the ankle 3. Knee extension on an isokinetic exercise device 4. Straight-leg raising with a sling suspension 110) To stretch the neck muscles in a patient with an acute, right-sided torticollis, the MOST appropriate therapeutic exercise is: 1. right rotation and right lateral flexion. 2. left rotation and right lateral flexion. 3. left rotation and left lateral flexion. 4. right rotation and left lateral flexion. 111) Which of the following signs or symptoms is MOST likely to be present in a patient with symptomatic hyperthyroidism? 1. Steppage gait 2. Frequent calf cramping 3. Tendonitis of the shoulder 4. Atrophy of foot and hand intrinsics 112) A physical therapist is conducting a 12-minute walk test with a patient who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and uses 2 L/min of oxygen by nasal cannula. The patient’s resting oxygen saturation is 91% and resting heart rate, 110 bpm. The oxygen flow should be increased if the: 1. patient’s carbon dioxide level increases. 2. patient reports shortness of breath. 3. patient’s oxygen saturation falls below 87%. 4. patient’s heart rate rises to greater than 150 bpm. 20 Practice Questions 113) A physical therapist is developing a new device for measuring range of back extension. To establish reliability for the device, the therapist gathers a large sample of healthy individuals all with 20° to 25° of back extension. Although the therapist applied consistent measurement techniques over successive trials, the reliability of the measurement device was low. Which of the modifications to the follow-up study is MOST likely to increase reliability? 1. Reduce the proportion of variation attributed to error. 2. Reduce total variance in the data. 3. Include subjects with a wider range of back extension measure. 4. Increase the number of trials that include the same subjects. 114) If a transtibial prosthesis has an excessively firm heel wedge, the patient is MOST likely to walk with: 1. excessive knee flexion in foot flat (loading response). 2. premature knee flexion in heel off (terminal stance). 3. insufficient knee flexion in foot flat (loading response). 4. excessive knee flexion in heel off (terminal stance). 115) Elevating a patient’s lower extremity for less than 1 minute produces a noticeable pallor of the foot, followed by delayed reactive hyperemia in a dependent position. These signs are indicative of: 1. an intact circulatory system. 2. arterial insufficiency. 3. venous insufficiency. 4. acute arterial occlusion. 116) A physical therapist is assessing the lifting technique of a patient who has a history of back pain. The patient performs a lift by picking up a light weight from the floor, without bending the knees and with excessive lumbar flexion. Limitation of which of the following measures is the MOST likely contributor to this finding? 1. Hamstring flexibility 2. Gluteal muscle strength 3. Abdominal muscle strength 4. Hip flexor flexibility 117) During the initial evaluation of a patient with right upper extremity pain, the physical therapist notes that the patient’s right scapula is significantly lower than the left scapula. Shortness in which of the following muscles on the right is MOST likely to lead to this patient’s postural presentation? 1. Latissimus dorsi 2. Upper trapezius 3. Levator scapulae 4. Teres major 118) A physical therapist is developing a gait training program for a patient following a total hip arthroplasty of the right hip performed via an anterolateral approach 2 weeks ago. The proper instructions and rationale for crutch training utilizing one crutch include holding the crutch in the: 1. right hand to decrease activity in the right hip abductors. 2. right hand to facilitate activity in the right hip abductors. 3. left hand to decrease activity in the right hip abductors. 4. left hand to facilitate activity in the right hip abductors. 119) A patient with functional urinary incontinence should MOST benefit from which of the following exercise interventions? 1. Core stabilization 2. Cardiovascular training 3. Fine motor skill development 4. Pelvic floor muscle strengthening Practice Questions 21 120) A physical therapist is examining a patient who sustained a right tibial fracture 1 year ago and is now fully healed. The physical therapist’s measure of the length of the patient’s right tibia is 14 in (36 cm) and of the left tibia, 15 in (38 cm). As a result of the tibial shortening, which of the following muscles would MOST likely become progressively tight? 1. Left tensor fasciae latae 2. Left piriformis 3. Right gluteus medius 4. Right adductor magnus 121) During examination of a patient, a physical therapist notes a red, swollen foot that is significantly warmer to the touch than the contralateral foot. The patient denies any pain or trauma. The patient has a history of diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and congestive heart failure. The findings are MOST consistent with which of the following conditions? 1. Grade III sprain of the talocrural ligament 2. Fractured distal tibia 3. Bone cancer 4. Charcot disease 122) A physical therapist is observing the gait of a patient with a transtibial prosthesis. The therapist observes that at heel strike (initial contact) the patient’s knee is hyperextended. What is the MOST likely cause of the patient’s gait deviation? 1. The heel cushion is too soft. 2. The socket is placed too far anterior to the foot. 3. The prosthesis is too long. 4. There is inadequate suspension of the prosthesis. 123) A physical therapist is trying to determine if a relationship exists between a patient’s initial walking speed and length of stay in a skilled nursing facility. Which of the following statistical analyses should the therapist choose to examine the degree of this relationship? 1. Chi-square test 2. Independent t-test 3. Analysis of variance 4. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient 124) A patient comes to physical therapy via direct access for evaluation of insidious shoulder pain. During examination, the physical therapist notes a yellowish color of the patient’s sclera and skin. The therapist should refer the patient to a physician for probable primary dysfunction of the: 1. liver. 2. eye. 3. duodenum. 4. heart. 125) Which of the following conditions or clinical features is assessed by lifting the patient’s skin and observing the time it takes to return to the original position? 1. Turgor 2. Pitting edema 3. Deep vein thrombosis 4. Collagen degradation 126) An attorney calls the physical therapy department seeking information on the status of the attorney’s client, a patient who is undergoing rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty. The patient’s physical therapist should: 1. refer the attorney to the patient’s insurance carrier. 2. describe the patient’s current status. 3. require written authorization from the patient to release information. 4. obtain verbal permission from the patient to release information. 22 Practice Questions 127) Prior to starting an exercise training program, a patient with cardiac problems who is receiving beta-blocking medication should receive an explanation of the: 1. greater benefits from cardiovascular exercise to be achieved at lower rather than at higher metabolic levels. 2. need to use measures other than heart rate to determine intensity of exercise. 3. need for exercise training sessions to be more frequent but of shorter duration. 4. need for longer warm-up periods and cool-down periods during exercise sessions. 128) Which of the following subjective reports from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis indicates the need for further medical examination by a physician? 1. Morning pain in both lower extremities 2. Numbness in both lower extremities 3. Increased pain during activities of daily living 4. Inability to sleep at night 129) A physical therapist is assigned the planning and implementation of physical therapy services for all members of a community. The therapist’s FIRST step should be to: 1. develop a brochure for distribution to the community. 2. organize a health fair to provide screening for the community. 3. evaluate existing services and community resources. 4. initiate contacts in the medical community to establish prescriptive relationships. 130) A patient has a history of diabetes, hypertension, and chronic heart failure. The patient’s venous filling time is less than 15 seconds, Homans sign is negative, and rubor of dependency test is not slowed. These findings support which of the following diagnoses? 1. Lymphedema 2. Arterial insufficiency 3. Intermittent claudication 4. Chronic venous insufficiency 131) The demographic information for the participants in a research study includes a mean age of 32 years and a median age of 35 years. The difference between the median and mean indicates: 1. the value of the standard deviation score. 2. the value of the Z-score. 3. that the distribution is skewed. 4. that the two measures should be averaged. 132) The joint indicated by the arrow contains what soft tissue structure? 1. Glenoid labrum 2. Middle deltoid muscle 3. Subacromial bursa 4. Pectoralis minor muscle 133) A researcher who studied the effects of exercise training on balance test scores obtained balance scores pre-exercise and post-exercise. Both the exercise group and the control group were randomly selected from a group of older adults residing in an assisted living facility. A t-test was used to compare the pretest and posttest results. The balance scores were significantly improved in the group that performed regular exercises but were unchanged in the control group. In deciding whether or not to incorporate these results into practice, a physical therapist who works in an adult outpatient clinic should be MOST concerned about which type of validity? 1. External 2. Internal 3. Construct 4. Statistical conclusion 134) A physical therapist wants to utilize a heating modality for the hands of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. The patient reports slight edema when performing warm soaks at home. Which of the following modalities is BEST for this patient? 1. Hot packs 2. Paraffin 3. Ultrasound 4. Fluidotherapy 135) Which of the following types of neurons transmit afferent information regarding proprioception and vibration? Practice Questions 23 1. Large myelinated fibers 2. Small myelinated fibers 3. Large unmyelinated fibers 4. Small unmyelinated fibers 136) Which of the following methods is MOST appropriate for handling a 1-year-old child with cerebral palsy who exhibits strong extensor tone in the trunk and extremities? 1. Carrying the child in a sitting position 2. Carrying the child over one’s shoulder 3. Keeping contact with the back of the child’s head 4. Picking the child up under the upper extremities 137) Which of the following outcomes would NOT be appropriate for a prenatal exercise program? 1. Improved body mechanics 2. Application of relaxation techniques 3. Improved ligamentous flexibility 4. Strengthened pelvic-floor musculature 138) Which of the following joint mobilization techniques is MOST appropriate for increasing shoulder abduction? 1. Distraction with inferior glide 2. Anterior glide with medial (internal) rotation 3. Superior glide with approximation 4. Distraction with posterior glide 139) During evaluation of a patient’s gait, a physical therapist observes that the patient leans forward shortly after heel strike (initial contact). The patient’s forward bending is MOST likely a compensation for weakness in the: 1. quadriceps. 2. hamstrings. 3. gluteus maximus. 4. tibialis anterior. 140) During an examination, a physical therapist strokes the lateral plantar aspect of a patient’s foot. Which of the following responses indicates an upper motor neuron dysfunction? 1. Absence of sensation 2. Extension of the great toe 3. Flexion of the first through fifth toes 4. Four beats of repeated plantar flexion 141) A physical therapist is teaching a patient to walk with a prosthesis on stairs and uneven surfaces. Which of the following methods should MOST promote long-term retention of these motor skills? 1. Ensure mastering of use of stairs before practicing walking on uneven surfaces. 2. Practice walking on stairs and uneven surfaces in random order several times during a session. 3. Focus the training session on the movement components the patient finds most difficult. 4. Provide immediate feedback on the patient’s performance when walking on the stairs or on uneven surfaces. 142) Which of the following outcomes is the highest expected functional outcome for a patient with a complete C7 spinal cord injury? 1. Minimal assistance with transferring from floor to wheelchair 2. Independent with wheelchair mobility on smooth surfaces 3. Minimal assistance with transferring from supine to sitting 4. Independent with ascending a curb in a wheelchair 143) A patient involved in a motor vehicle accident 1 week ago has multiple fractures of the lower extremities and has bilateral non-weight-bearing status. The patient lives with an elderly parent and is scheduled for discharge soon. Which of the following transfers is MOST appropriate in this situation? 1. Standing pivot 2. One-person lift 3. Sliding board 24 Practice Questions 4. Two-person lift 144) During an initial evaluation, which of the following tests is MOST appropriate to perform with a patient who has acute right-sided congestive heart failure? 1. Sensory testing of upper extremities 2. Pitting edema measurements in the lower extremities 3. Resisted manual muscle testing of all extremities 4. Reflex testing of lower extremities 145) Cool-down exercises are performed immediately after a general aerobic exercise program PRIMARILY to prevent: 1. venous pooling. 2. cardiac arrhythmia. 3. decreased body temperature. 4. muscle tightening. 146) A physical therapist is examining a patient who has a history of congestive heart failure and peripheral vascular disease. Bilateral peripheral edema with grade 1+ pitting along with varicose veins is also present. The patient reports a sedentary lifestyle. The patient is at high risk for developing which of the following types of ulcer? 1. Arterial 2. Pressure 3. Neuropathic 4. Venous stasis 147) What is the close-packed position of the hip? 1. Medial (internal) rotation with extension and abduction 2. Extension with adduction and lateral (external) rotation 3. Lateral (external) rotation with flexion and abduction 4. Flexion with adduction and lateral (external) rotation 148) A physical therapist is evaluating a patient who has a vascular lesion in the brainstem affecting the oculomotor nerve (III). During the cranial nerve examination, which of the following signs would be the MOST significant? 1. Inability to close the eyelid 2. Medial strabismus 3. Ptosis of the eyelid 4. Constricted pupil 149) A patient receiving physical therapy reports frequent urination, weight loss, and feeling constantly thirsty. The physical therapist should contact the physician regarding the patient’s symptoms because they are MOST likely consistent with which of the following pathological conditions? 1. Cancer 2. Cystitis 3. Renal calculi 4. Diabetes mellitus 150) For an individual with a T12 spinal cord injury to be able to walk, achievement of which of the following ranges of motion is MOST important? 1. Neutral dorsiflexion 2. Full hip extension 3. Normal knee flexion 4. 110° straight-leg raise 151) A 55-year-old patient is referred to physical therapy from the emergency room after casting following a right femur fracture caused by a motor vehicle accident. The patient is nauseous but has good balance during initial attempts at non-weight-bearing gait training on the right lower extremity. The patient lives alone on the second floor of an apartment building with no elevator. Which of the following assistive devices is MOST appropriate for the patient? 1. Standard walker 2. Axillary crutches 3. Quad cane Practice Questions 25 4. Two straight canes 152) A physical therapist is treating a patient with moderately controlled type 1 diabetes. One of the goals is to help the patient regulate insulin dosage through exercise. In establishing an exercise program, the therapist should be aware that regular exercise will generally: 1. lower blood glucose levels and decrease the amount of insulin required. 2. lower blood glucose levels and increase the amount of insulin required. 3. raise blood glucose levels and decrease the amount of insulin required. 4. raise blood glucose levels and increase the amount of insulin required. 153) A patient sustained a severe brainstem injury 1 week ago and has demonstrated minimal change since the incident. The patient’s cognitive status is MOST likely to include which of the following characteristics? 1. Decreased level of arousal 2. Decreased level of intelligence 3. Increased level of agitation 4. Increased level of impulsivity 154) When treating a patient who has ankylosing spondylitis, which of the following muscles require the MOST emphasis in strengthening exercises? 1. Pectorals 2. Hip flexors 3. Back extensors 4. Abdominals 155) To obtain informed consent for an intervention, a physical therapist must disclose to the patient all of the following types of information EXCEPT the: 1. cost of the intervention. 2. goals of the intervention. 3. possible risks of the intervention. 4. alternative interventions available. 156) During steady rate exercise, the blood pressure in a healthy person MOST typically responds with: 1. systolic pressure increase and no change in diastolic pressure. 2. no change in systolic pressure and marked decrease in diastolic pressure. 3. systolic pressure decrease and diastolic pressure increase. 4. no change in systolic pressure until the end point of the exercise session. 157) A patient’s symptoms include muscle atrophy, tachycardia, heat intolerance, brittle hair, and increased appetite with weight loss. The patient is MOST likely to have which of the following disorders? 1. Hyperthyroidism 2. Hypothyroidism 3. Cushing syndrome 4. Hypoparathyroidism 158) A physical therapist is examining a patient who has a tentative diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome. Which of the following symptoms from the patient’s history would help rule out this diagnosis? 1. Fatigue 2. Recent weight loss 3. Sleep disturbances 4. Paresthesias 159) Following trauma at the C5 spinal cord level, a patient was admitted to the hospital. Twenty-four hours later, the patient shows no reflexes, sensation, or voluntary motor activity below the level of injury. These findings indicate: 1. the presence of spasticity. 2. decerebrate rigidity. 3. spinal shock. 4. a lower motor neuron lesion. 26 Practice Questions 160) An initial physical therapy evaluation is conducted for an older adult patient 1 day after the patient had a total left hip arthroplasty (noncemented) using a posterolateral approach. The patient has no complicating medical history and was active and independent preoperatively. Which of the following activities is LEAST appropriate for the first week of therapy? 1. Active-assistive positioning of the left hip to 60° of flexion 2. Active left hip abduction in right sidelying 3. Independent bed mobility with use of a trapeze 4. Walking with moderate assistance with a standard walker to 25 ft (7.6 m) 161) A patient with a recent onset of upper extremity lymphedema is MOST likely to have which of the following findings? 1. Pallor 2. Shiny skin 3. Dorsal hand swelling 4. Nonpitting edema in the forearm 162) A patient is referred to physical therapy for treatment of tenosynovitis. The patient reports a “pins and needles” sensation on the palmar surface of the thumb (1st digit), index (2nd digit), and middle (3rd digit) fingers. The physical therapist’s examination reveals a positive Tinel sign at the wrist and Good (4/5) opposition of the thumb (1st digit). Based on these findings, the therapist should suspect: 1. median nerve compression at the wrist. 2. ulnar nerve compression distal to the elbow. 3. tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus. 4. thoracic outlet syndrome. 163) A clean, well-granulating Stage II pressure ulcer with minimal serous drainage is MOST appropriately dressed with: 1. a nonadherent dressing. 2. a packed dressing. 3. topical medication only. 4. dry-to-dry gauze. 164) The brother of a patient who was recently discharged from a hospital’s outpatient physical therapy department telephones on the patient’s behalf to request a copy of the patient’s medical record. The physical therapist should explain to the patient’s brother that the medical record is the property of the: 1. patient’s family and can be released to the brother upon written request. 2. patient’s insurer and the request for a copy must be made in writing to the insurer. 3. hospital and the patient and can be released only with written authorization from the patient. 4. hospital and can be released only with written authorization from the patie