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lecture note sociology of institution part 2
second half part of SOI lecture notes!
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Sorry for tons of spelling & grammatical mistakes ><💦📛Lecture 7
Sociology of Institutions
Olav Velthuis
Toolkit of institutional theory
Toolkit of institutional theory:
Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lecture 5 Lecture 9
: defining institutions
: path dependence & change
: three pillars of institutions
: collective action problems
: isomorphism, convergence & divergence : institutional logics
Critical moments in institutional history:
: pillarization, 1918-1967
: the cultural revolt of the 1960s
: neoliberal transformations since the 1980s
Lecture 6
Lecture 7
Lecture 8&9
Lecture 10-12 : globalization, migration & the populist revolt
in the new millennium
Revolts in 1960 is the topic of today.
It is impossible to do the exam If you have to start reading when the lectures
finished.
Readings are important for the exam
Most of the questions will be from readings.
Some multiple choice question and some open question
20 multiple question
2 or 3 open question
For the 1960s
● Position in the literature, course structure
● We have covered the tools of institutional theories
● And we focus on the periods of events and moments that were crucial for forming
institutions and organizations as. This is the focuses fo the next few lectures.
, We do this because it is crucial to understand our society and see how we itneract
and how society is. To understand, that , these eras are crucial to understand,
especially the 1960s in our own society.
2
Common characteristics of ‘global sixties’
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THdT7m pi0OE&t=2248s
● Role of babyboomers, resistance against older generation
● Role of affluence, leisure time, consumption
● Youth cultures, evolving around music,
television
● Permissiveness (e.g. related to sex, drugs)
There were two types of people at that tiem
● Idealistic and enthusiastic people who wanted the changes in society … the
revolts are the sources of progress
● People tho detest the period, and think the events caused the contemporal social
issues
○ Highly contested.
What would the 1960s be about
● It was the "global 60s" that happened globally.
● There were global common characteristics of the 'global sixties' which are on the
list.
○ Younger generation, babyboomers who were born after WW2 when there
was a baby boom, were active in such revolts. Deep generational conflict.
○ That deep level of conflict is rare in the history.
■ Difference in the mindsets and lifestyles are different from current
times.
■ The older generation was more conservative and more had more
dominant power over the younger.
■ The age gap now became smaller.
○ After the WW2, countries became richer, creating laisure and culture,
especially for the younger generation at that time. It created the youth
culture. The mass media became popular at that time. Same for music.
Rock culture is the youth culture that arose then.
○ Some sense of permissiveness. Much more was permitted at that time
than before, related to sex and drugs.
■ In your own lives, what you are doing and not doing are the
heritage of 1960s.
■ Freedoms in soft drugs, abortion, premarital sex…
, ■ The way you interact with your parents with more or less equal way
is the product of 1960s.
3
But differences as well
● Highly political in the US (e.g. Vietnam war, racial segregation, death of Martin
Luther King, Kennedy brothers, black panthers), France (where students forged
alliances with workers), Germany (which looked back on WWII)
● Much more cultural, playful in The Netherlands...
● ... and much more moderate in e.g. the UK4
● Where this documentary emphasize the global aspect, that are same globally,
but it is also important to emphasize that there are some differences in how the
1960s are manifested around the world.
● In order to think about that, it is impotent to distinguish about the two aspects of
1960s.
○ One is that highly political in the US. Us were engaged in the violent war in
Vietnam. It was when there was the deep segregation. It was when there
were political murders; such as Kennedy brothers, kings, black panthers.
■ There were pretty violent confrontations very polarized.
● For the US/Germany,
○ Btw, linking to the path dependence due to the contingent event that sets
emotion leading Germany to be radical terrorist movements until the 80s.
1968, Italy also had the birth of radical terrorist. … similarity ! Typically
where the isomorphism comes in, but different as well! Text of Becker that
is about the convergence and divergence… Applying the two events might
be on exam
● There were serious violent protests by students. Police were also violent to the
protests.
● The French was on the at the peak of the revolution. The country got paralyzed.
Moving up to the stage of civil war. (US and germany) Students at least tried to
take the membersfoude from workers.
● In the Netherlands, these revolts took place but much more playful and less
politicize. There were crashes with police but not the big at statke. There was not
urgent political themes in the society. Compared to the other countries, the
revolts in the Netherlands were much more peaceful
● Country like the UK was moderate. Where the 1960 hardly had impact what so
ever.
, Main question:
Why was the impact of the 1960s so strong in The Netherlands (which quickly
became more progressive and permissive) and much weaker in countries like the
United States (which remained relatively conservative in many respects) or
France?
● While Netherlands had the light revolts, they had the big impacts on the society.
It changed the society in the most rapid way. Until the 1960s, the netherlands
were religious country and not secularlized at all. The religion was serious until
then. But then after the decades, it became one of the most progressive and
liberal countries.
● The puzzle … why is the impact bigger than the other countries?
● In the 1960, it was the rise of civil wars in the US, but in 70s, these were
gforgotten already. Things just went on how it was before.
● Presitensts of France in 1968 had to talk to the army to repress the revolt, and
later he won in the election.
5
Until the 1960s: pillarized, religious, respect for authority society
6
Rapid secularization since 1960s
To the soceity where is liberal permissive progressive and secularlized.
The graph of the statistics that showss the down ward shift in the protestant. The
speed of secularlization accelerated at that time.
7
‘Magical Centre Amsterdam’
Symbol of boringness, oldfashionness was replaced by the weed , international
people, duch summer of love, sleeping at the dam square in the night
Resistance against all kinds of authority
Students occuplying the central building of the directors of university officies
Or artists occupyign the museum, demanding more democracy in museum. They
were questioning the authority on the different aspects.
All of the sudden sutnets did not take the authority of the teachers. In 70s, there
were courses without any lecturers but self-organized by students.
9
Sexual revolution
Place where the pronography industry was porn in the Netherlands in 60s.
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