Samenvatting
Summary Begrippenlijst Logistiek
- Instelling
- Hogeschool Rotterdam (HR)
Dit document betreft een begrippenlijst van logistiek
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Samenvatting LogistiekH1
Intro
Every country has multiple products they produce, it can be a physical product or a
product that you can see or hear. Services performance are also useful functions that
can use in exchange like banking, medical care, entertainment, clothing stores or
social services. The source of wealth is measured by the amount of goods and
services a country can produce. But where does is come from? Rich natural
resources may exist in an economy like: farmland, mineral deposits and forests.
These are a few of many potential sources of wealth. A production function is needed
to transform these recourses into useful goods. The process is called transformation.
It begins with extracting minerals from farming, fishing, mining, lumbering, etc. Like in
the Netherlands with farming. The Netherlands is the hotspot for tulips around the
world so we have enormous farmlands filled with tulips so we can grow, extract, sell
and ship them. There are many stage’s between extracting of the materials and the
final consumer product. In these stage’s value will increase a little bit more with the
next fase. For example: a diamant is cut from a mining facility. It will be transformed
in many stage to increase it’s valuable. Extracting material will be for example a
beautiful diamond ring. If you want to make your product more valuable, than you
need to design an efficient production process. The managing of a operation is
simply good planning and controlling the resources used in process: labor, capital
and material. These three are important, but the most important is the flow of
materials. The flow of materials controls the performance of the process. If the right
materials are not available for the right quantities than the process can’t produce
what it should be. The labor and machinery will be poorly used. The profitability, and
even the existence of the company will be threatened.
Operating environment
There are many factors that can affect the environment of operations management.
Factors can be for example: the government, the economy, competition, customer
expectations and quality.
Government:
There are many extensive regulations of business. These regulations are: the
environment, safety, product liability an taxation. It can all affect your way of
business.
Economy:
The general economy affects all sort type of business. An economic recession can
decrease the demand for some products while some other product demand will
increase. The decision of the management can be influenced by materials and labor
shortage or surpluses.
,Competition:
The competition is increased over the years.
Manufacturing companies
Face competition from all over the world. Foreign competitors selling in their markets
even your own company doesn’t sell in theirs
Transportation
The materials are being transported more efficient and cheaper than used to be
Worldwide communications
The Internet changed our way of business. If you are not satisfied with a supplier you
can easy find another one. Communication is also improved. You can send a email
and instant it will land on the other side of the globe.
Costumers.
The consumers and industrial customers have become much more demanding then
before. The suppliers have improving their characteristics. When you’re buying a
product you expect a fey things: a fair price, high quality, delivery time, better service,
flexibility of product.
Quality.
When you want to successful in the business world today. You need not only to meet
your customers’ expectations but also need to exceeds them.
Order Qualifiers and order winners
Order qualifiers: Customer requirements that are based on price, quality and
delivery
Order winners: Competitive characteristics that persuade a company’s customers
to choose its products or services
Manufacturing strategy
A highly market-oriented company will focus on meeting/exceeding customers’
expectations and order winners. All divisions must agree on the same road.
Delivery lead time
From supplier perspective, delivery lead time is the time form receipt of the order to
the delivery of the product.
From customers perspective it is also includes order preparations and transmittal.
It has mutable processes like:
, Engineer to order: the customer want unique specifications that requires
engineering
Make to order: the manufacturer does not start producing until the customer receipts
an order.
Configure-to-order: the customer can choose between multiple options of the
product.
Assemble-to-order: like a pizza, it’s ingredients are already there. It just need to put
together when the costumer makes the order.
Make-to-stock: the supplier manufactures the goods and sells it from stock. The
delivery time is very little
Product Life Cycle:
Metrics: is needed to function effectively and efficiently.
Performance Measurement: must be quantified and objective and contain two
parameters. For example the number of orders per day consist of both a quantity and
a time measurement
Bill of Materials: is the most important for manufacturing, planning and control. It
describes the components used to make the product.
It also describes the subassemblies at various stages of manufactures.
Manufacturing Planning and Control System; planning level: consist three
primary activities: Production planning is to see if the demand of products meets
the production. This is done by four items: forecasting, master planning, material
requirements planning and a capacity planning. Implementation and control are
functions that executed the plan made by production planning. The responsibilities
are accomplished though production activity control (shop floor control). Inventory
management are inventories are materials and supplies to the production process.
They can be used to provide a buffer against differences in demand rates and
production rates
Material Requirements Planning (‘MRP’): is a plan for the production and purchase
of the components that are required for making items in the master production
schedule.
Manufacturing Resource Planning (‘MRP II’): the master game plan for all
departments in the company, it’s provide coordination between marketing and
production.
Enterprise Resource Planning (‘ERP’): is the MRP and MRPII systems combined.
Master Production Schedule (‘MPS’): is the next step after production planning.
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