Personality, PD and Violence
Chapter 4
Trait dimensional models comparing Tellegen, Eysenck and Costa and McCrae’s schemes:
Theorist Cloninger Tellegen Eysenck Costa & McCrae
Scale name TPQ MPQ EPQ-R EPP NEO-PI-R NEO-FFI
Neuroticism Harm As negative Inferiority Vulnerability Negative
avoidance emotional affect
temperamen Unhappiness Depression
t: Anxiety Anxiety Self-reproach
Dependence Angry hostility
Stress Hypochondria Self-
reaction Guilt conscious
Alienation Obsessivenes Impulsive
Aggression s
Activity
Extraversion Novelty As positive Activity Activity Activity
seeking emotional
temperamen Sociability Gregarious Positive affect
Reward t. Assertiveness Assertive
dependenc Well-being Expressivene Warmth Social
e. Social ss Excitement
Self- potency Ambition seeking
directed Achievemen Dogmatism Positive
Cooperativ t Aggressive emotions
e Social
closeness
Openness Reward As Fantasy Aesthetic
dependenc absorption Aesthetics interests
e Feelings
Cooperativ Actions Unconvention
e Ideas al
Values
Agreeable Cooperativ Psychoticism Trust
e Risk taking Straightforwar
Impulsive d
Irresponsible Altruism
Manipulative Compliance
Sensation Modesty
seeking Tender-
Tough-minded mindedness
Practical
Conscientiou Persistence As Competence Orderliness
s Self- constraint Order Goal striving
directed
Harm
Negatively avoidance
correlated
with harm
avoidance
and novelty
seeking.
Traditional Dutifulness Dependability
Achievement
Striving
, Personality, PD and Violence
Self-discipline
Deliberation
Lexical models Behaviorally based models
Personality-descriptive words (ex.: Self- or observer ratings behavior
aggressive)
Cultural variations in language Extend to factor-analytic studies
Simple description Scientific explanation
Ex.: Cattell’s 16 personality factors (16PF) Ex.: Eysenck’s gigantic three (PEN)
- Lacks replicability - Extraversion, Neuroticism,
Psychoticism
Ex.: FFM Ex.: Tellegen’s Multidimensional Personality
Questionnaire (MPQ):
- Positive emotionality (~ E, C)
- Negative emotionality (~ N, ↓A)
- Constraint (~ C, ↓ O, psychoticism)
FFM vs. Halverson’s model
Adult ‘Big Five’ Children ‘Little Five’
Neuroticism Emotional stability
Extraversion Extraversion
Openness to experience Creativity/ intellect
Conscientiousness Conscientiousness
Agreeableness Benevolence (incl. manageability)
3 clusters PDs
Cluster A Cluster B Cluster C
Odd-eccentric Dramatic Anxious
Schizoid Borderline Avoidant
Schizotypal Antisocial Dependent
Paranoid Narcissistic Obsessive-compulsive
Histrionic
4 As from DSM symptoms (not too important):
DAPP-BQ FFM PEN
Anxious N N
Antisocial Low A, C P
Asocial High N, low E, C Low E
Anankastic C
Dimensional assessment of personality pathology (4 dimensions)
DAPP-BQ FFM PEN
Emotional dysregulation N, low O, A N
Dissocial behavior Low A P
Inhibition Low E Low E
Compulsivity C
The Dark Triad of Personality (3 traits)
Dark triad FFM
Machiavellianism Low A, N (anxiety)
Psychopathy Low A, secondary psychopathy, high N, low C
