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International Health Law

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Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)

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Moot court Victims of forced sterilization v Orosia

Litigating against the Forced Sterilization of HIV-Positive Women: The Case of Orosia

1. In response to rising Human Immunodeficiency Virus (“HIV”)-infection rates,
poverty, and overpopulation, some nations have resorted to a policy of forcibly
sterilizing HIV-positive women in order to prevent the transmission of HIV during
childbirth.

2. Forced sterilization “occurs when a procedure eliminating a woman’s [or man’s]
ability to bear children is performed without her [or his] informed consent. The term
encompasses emotionally coerced sterilization, in which hospital professionals
pressure a patient into consenting to the sterilization in a way that diminishes her
autonomy. One way to prevent forced sterilizations is to require informed consent
before a sterilization procedure.

3. Recently, advocates have begun to litigate coerced sterilization as a rights violation
in domestic and international courts. One of these cases is presented below.
Although the case is still in the litigation process, it represents a promising new
approach for anti-sterilization advocates and an important step toward recognizing
the reproductive rights of HIV-positive women.

4. Government sterilization programs originally emerged in Europe and the United
States in the 1920s as part of the eugenics movement. The democratic legislatures
of many nations authorized formal sterilization programs to prevent vulnerable
groups of people from producing “undesirable” offspring.

5. In 1927, the United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of a Virginia
law requiring the sterilization of all mentally retarded persons in an 8-1 decision.
Writing for the majority, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes stated, “It is better for all the
world, if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime, or to let them
starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from
continuing their kind.” After World War II, the eugenics movement lost support due
to its close association with Nazism, and government-sponsored sterilization
programs were eventually eliminated in most Western countries. However, some
developing countries adopted and continue to use sterilization in an attempt to
solve poverty by reducing overpopulation; the practices of India and China have
garnered the most international attention to date.

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