Samenvatting
Summary Begrippenlijst USA
Uitgewerkte begrippenlijst van de Landelijke Kennis Basis toets Engels van het Domein USA. Hierin komen alle begrippen terug die je voor de LKT moet weten, volledig uitgewerkt.
[Meer zien]Voorbeeld 2 van de 27 pagina's
Voorbeeld 2 van de 27 pagina's
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Voorbeeld van de inhoud
United States of America3.1.2.1 Law
● Jury
A selected number of citizens who decide the facts in many court cases.
● Arrest warrant
An arrest warrant is a warrant issued by a judge on behalf of the state, which
authorizes the arrest and detention of an individual, or the search and seizure of
an individual's property.
● Settlement
In law, a settlement is a resolution between disputing parties about a legal
case, reached either before or after court action begins.
● Claims culture
● District Attorney
The district attorney (DA, represents the government in the prosecution of
criminal offenses.
● Self-defence
Self-defence is a countermeasure that involves defending oneself, one's property,
or the well-being of another from harm. The use of the right of self-defence as a
legal justification for the use of force in times of danger is available in many
jurisdictions, but the interpretation varies widely.
● Supreme court
A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of many legal
jurisdictions. The decisions of a supreme court are not subject to further review
by any other court.
● Right to bear arms
The right to keep and bear arms is the people's right to have their own arms for
their defense. People have a personal right to own arms for individual use, and a
right to bear these same arms both for personal protection and for use in a
militia.
3.1.2.2 Government
National symbols
● Stars and Stripes
Nickname for the Flag of the United States.
● Anthem
The Star-Spangled Banner
● Bald Eagle
National bird
, Republic
● Declaration of Independence/Constitution
The declaration of independence is the usual name of a statement adopted by
the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen
American colonies, then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as
thirteen newly independent sovereign states, and no longer a part of the British
Empire. Instead they formed a new nation—the United States of America. John
Adams was a leader in pushing for independence, which was unanimously
approved on July 2. A committee of five had already drafted the formal
declaration, to be ready when Congress voted on independence.
● Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and in
many ways was "the First American". A renowned polymath, Franklin was a
leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist,
inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat.
● Separation of powers: three branches of government
The separation of powers, is a model for the governance of a state (or who
controls the state). Under this model, the state is divided into branches, each
with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the
powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the
other branches. The typical division of branches is into a legislature, an
executive, and a judiciary.
-Legislature: a decision-making organization, usually associated with national
government, that has the power to enact, amend, and repeal laws. Legislatures
observe and steer governing actions and usually have exclusive authority to
amend the budget or budgets involved in the process.
-Executive: the part of the government that has sole authority and
responsibility for the daily administration of the state. The executive branch
executes, or enforces the law.
-Judiciary: The judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and applies the
law in the name of the state.
● Checks and balances
To prevent one branch from becoming supreme, protect the "opulent minority"
from the majority, and to induce the branches to cooperate, government systems
that employ a separation of powers need a way to balance each of the branches.
Typically this was accomplished through a system of "checks and balances", the
origin of which, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to
Montesquieu. Checks and balances allow for a system-based regulation that
allows one branch to limit another, such as the power of Congress to alter the
composition and jurisdiction of the federal courts. Both bipartite and tripartite
governmental systems apply the principles of the separation of powers to allow
for the branches represented by the separate powers to hold each other
reciprocally responsible to the assertion of powers as apportioned by law. The
following example of the separation of powers and their mutual checks and
balances for the experience of the United States Constitution is presented as
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